write a short paper (1 to 2 pages) explaining how the history of Capoeira and Machado de Assis (his life and writing) work together to give us a better sense of life in nineteenth-century Brazil than they do as individual topics. Please use the documents attached below to write about the paper. the Alienist refers to Machado de Assis and the rest of the presentation files are for Capoeira these presentation have recordings please be sure to listen to those as well to get the information required for the paper.
the_alienist.pdf
capoeira_notes_1.pptx
capoeira_notes_2.pptx
capoeira_notes_3.pptx
capoeira_notes_4.pptx
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Capoeira Overview:
• The history of Capoeira is deeply woven into larger
questions of African culture in Brazil. There are
questions about its history in terms of fact and it plays
into larger questions of Brazilian identity. This
presentation covers a lot of the same ground as the
chapter assigned – they should complement each
other. This is a specific history of capoeira put
together within the context of this class.
• It is too challenging to embed the videos in
powerpoint (capoeira videos can be tricky to find) so
the best way to do the presentation is not in slide
show mode – you will have to look for the speaker
icon and click it on many slides – and then click on the
links and go out of powerpoint to watch the videos,
and then come back into the presentation. Sorry
about that.
If you don’t know capoeira check out this
old video. The technology isn’t perfect but
the game is exceptional.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CHpsAr7LO
0
About that Video …
Here is a clip – a little newer and shorter (about 3 minutes) of a fast paced
game of Capoeira Regional. The differences between Regional and Angola
are covered in the chapter and also discussed below. Check it out and you
get a sense of what fast paced, athletic capoeira looks like. Remember
none of this is choreographed. Capoeiristas train to play this game.
Context for this course:
Consider what we have learned so far about Latin America in the late 18th Century –
prior to Independence. The Casta Paintings reflect how people – and society in both
the Americas and Spain – were trying to figure out identity in a changing society.
After Independence (1807-1823) most Latin American countries were faced with a
challenge, how to establish themselves as nations?
How could they become “nations” where people had a common identity? This was
especially challenging as the people who tended to rule these countries did not
really see the large majority of the people in these countries as their equals? What
to do with all the indios, blacks, slaves, and ex-slaves? Could it be done without
destroying all social order?
• Brazil received more Africans from the slave
trade than any other country. It also
continued to import slaves into the 19th
Century when other countries except for
Cuba had ceased to allow imports.
• These four diagrams show the trade to the
Americas over time from the 15th century
until the 19th century.
• Brazil received more Africans from the slave
trade than any other country. It also
continued to import slaves into the 19th
Century when other countries except for
Cuba had ceased to allow imports.
• These four diagrams show the trade to the
Americas over time from the 15th century
until the 19th century.
http://www.coas.uncc.edu/latinamerican/latinhistory/Colonial/PopLab/poplab.htm
Brazil had a few advantages
when it came to identity
and stability after
Independence. One was
that it was rule by an
emperor who was a prince
of the Portuguese royal
family; it made the whole
country seem much more
legitimate than in other
places. But as a slave
society, there was a huge
question – what would be
the place of Africans and
their descendants be in the
new nation? For more hit
the speaker icon below
Brazil had a few advantages
when it came to identity
and stability after
Independence. One was
that it was rule by an
emperor who was a prince
of the Portuguese royal
family; it made the whole
country seem much more
legitimate than in other
places. But as a slave
society, there was a huge
question – what would be
the place of Africans and
their descendants be in the
new nation? For more hit
the speaker icon below
Once Brazil gained its Independence in 1823 Rio was the Capital . There was more
attention, more police, more documents about life, etc then in earlier periods.
Many of the slaves in Rio had come from the
Congo/Angola region.
A huge portion of the population of Rio were Africans, slave and free, and their
descendants. Somewhat like Haiti on a larger scale though not quite as rich. Much of
the population of Rio was black and had their own culture. One practice recorded
was the “game” of capoeira as in this picture by a touring European Rugendas.
For other paintings by Debret from his
trip to Brazil go to
http://masmoulin.wordpress.com/201
0/04/24/jean-baptiste-debret-17681848-au-bresil-un-aquarelliste-temoinde-son-temps/
But capoeira was more than a game … arrest records in the jail for slaves in 19th Century
Rio show that many of those arrested were labeled simple as “capoeiras” and arrested
for being such. At that point capoeira was not just the game already pictured but it was
a synonym for gang activity. Capoeiras were also known as Maltas – gangs.
The illustration on the left shows “capoeiras,”
gangsters. The drawing below illustrates how
capoeiras had alliances with politicians. This is a
large part of why capoeira was criminalized.
Capoeira was both a criminal activity and a
game/practice of physical dexterity. Essentially,
an African cultural practice was defined as
inherently violent, dangerous, and against the
law; though elite Brazilians might exploit it when
it suited their purpose.
Princess Isabella who passed the “Golden Law,” ending all slavery in 1888. The Empire
was overthrown and a Republic was established in 1889. Later known as the Old
Republic it was politically conservative in nature despite the promise of more
dramatic change inherent in overthrowing an empire. In this it echoed the conflicted
nature of Independence in Spanish America earlier in the century.
With slavery gone and the monarchy gone people were even more worried about capoeira. The
new legal code of the Republic explicitly outlawed the practice of capoeira (where it had only
been consistently harassed during the Empire). The practice was suppressed almost completely
in Rio, though as these drawings from 1906 (during the Republic) make clear the reputation of
capoeira as the practice of violent urban types was still around.
With slavery gone and the monarchy gone people were even more worried about capoeira. The
new legal code of the Republic explicitly outlawed the practice of capoeira (where it had only
been consistently harassed during the Empire). The practice was suppressed almost completely
in Rio, though as these drawings from 1906 (during the Republic) make clear the reputation of
capoeira as the practice of violent urban types was still around.
…
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