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Lab 2. Sieve Analysis (Lab 4 in 8th, 9th edition)
Determination of Grain Size Distribution
– In coarse grain soils >> by Sieve Analysis (Lab2)
– In find grain soils >> by Hydrometer Analysis (Lab3)
Sieve Analysis
D60 ≈ 0.5mm
Where is D30 and D10?
Sieving Procedures
Use #4, #10, #20, #40, #60, #140, #200 sieves
1. Collect the oven-dry sample about 500 g
2. Break the sample into individual particles using a mortar and a rubber-tipped
pestle
3. Write down the weight of each sieve as well as the bottom pan to be used in
the analysis
4. Record the weight of the given dry sample soil
5. Prepare a stack of sieves. Make sure all the sieves are clean
6. Pour the soil sample into the top sieve and place the sieve cover over it
7. Run the stack of sieves through a sieve shaker for about 10 mins.
8. Stop the sieve shaker and remove the stack of sieves.
9. Record the weight of each sieve with its retained soil.
10.Mass of soil retained on each sieve
= {weight of each sieve + retained soil (Step 8)}
– {weight of each sieve (Step 2)}
Lab Report (see section 4.8 in your textbook)
– Results section should include data table, sample calculations, and the
grain-size distribution graph
– Report mass loss during sieve analysis in results section
– Report Cu and Cc in discussion section.
Data Sheet for Sieve Analysis
Sample No. ____________
Mass of oven-dry specimen M _______g
Tested by ____________________
Sieve
No.
Sieve
Opening
(mm)
Mass of
Sieve Ms
(g)
Mass of Sieve
and Soil
Retained Ms+n
(g)
Date ___________________
Mass of
Soil
Retained
on Each
Sieve Mn
(g)
Percent of
Mass
Retained On
Each Sieve
Rn
Cumulative
Percent
Retained
∑Rn
Percent
Finer
100∑Rn
Pan
Total Sample Weight M1 (g)
Mass loss during sieve analysis :
M−M1
M
× 100 = _________% (OK if less than 2%)
Lab Report Guidelines
You should consider the last section of each lab experiment as well as 1.5 Report Preparation part when
writing a lab report.
The Materials and Methods and results section should be written in the past tense, since your
experiments are completed at the time you are writing your paper.
Your lab report should include the following sections:
Cover Page (0.5 pt)
Include the title of the experiment, name, group number, and the date on which the experiment
was performed
Introduction(1 pt)
Purpose of experiment
Background Information
Materials and Methods(2 pt)
Equipment Used
Schematic diagram of main equipment used (if required )
Test procedure generally contains information on the physical nature of the experiment, such as
the type of instrumentation used, the variables controlled and those that are not controlled, and
any unusual conditions. Here is an example of a section of that type.
The experiment was carried out with a Nicolet Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.
The resolution of the spectrometer was set at 1 cm-1 for all spectra. The experiment involved the
accumulation of a background spectrum which were subtracted from the spectrum of the sample
to provide the response of the sample. The detector was a nitrogen-cooled cadmium-telluride
detector. Each experiment resulted from the average 64 transient responses coadded, with the
background spectrum being the accumulation of 64 spectra without the sample present. The
data were analyzed by Fourier transformation using the software of the instrument. The data
were saved to disk, and were subsequently analyzed with a spreadsheet program, in this case,
Microsoft EXCEL. Theoretical values of the parameters were predicted by computation with the
program GAUSSIAN.
The section need not be long, but it should include everything about the experimental setup that
the author thinks is important.
retrieved from”https://www1.udel.edu/pchem/C446/example.pdf”
Results(4 pt)
Present your data using text AND figures/tables.
Describes your major findings in the data presented in the figures and tables.
Don’t interpret the data. It could be done in the Discussion section of the lab report.
All figures and tables are properly formatted with numbers, titles and legends that are easy to the
reader to follow.
DO NOT ATTACH YOUR LAB DATA SHEET to show your results.
Discussion(2 pt)
Summarize what you found.
Explain and interpret your results. It may involve comparison of the test results with existing
empirical relationship
Source of errors if any
Other details not included in the report
References(0.5 pt)
Sufficient and appropriate sources cited. All references are formatted appropriately
Lab 2. Sieve Analysis (Lab 4 in 8th, 9th edition)
Determination of Grain Size Distribution
– In coarse grain soils >> by Sieve Analysis (Lab2)
– In find grain soils >> by Hydrometer Analysis (Lab3)
Sieve Analysis
D60 ≈ 0.5mm
Where is D30 and D10?
Sieving Procedures
Use #4, #10, #20, #40, #60, #140, #200 sieves
1. Collect the oven-dry sample about 500 g
2. Break the sample into individual particles using a mortar and a rubber-tipped
pestle
3. Write down the weight of each sieve as well as the bottom pan to be used in
the analysis
4. Record the weight of the given dry sample soil
5. Prepare a stack of sieves. Make sure all the sieves are clean
6. Pour the soil sample into the top sieve and place the sieve cover over it
7. Run the stack of sieves through a sieve shaker for about 10 mins.
8. Stop the sieve shaker and remove the stack of sieves.
9. Record the weight of each sieve with its retained soil.
10.Mass of soil retained on each sieve
= {weight of each sieve + retained soil (Step 8)}
– {weight of each sieve (Step 2)}
Lab Report (see section 4.8 in your textbook)
– Results section should include data table, sample calculations, and the
grain-size distribution graph
– Report mass loss during sieve analysis in results section
– Report Cu and Cc in discussion section.
Data Sheet for Sieve Analysis
Sample No. ____________
Mass of oven-dry specimen M _______g
Tested by ____________________
Sieve
No.
Sieve
Opening
(mm)
Mass of
Sieve Ms
(g)
Mass of Sieve
and Soil
Retained Ms+n
(g)
Date ___________________
Mass of
Soil
Retained
on Each
Sieve Mn
(g)
Percent of
Mass
Retained On
Each Sieve
Rn
Cumulative
Percent
Retained
∑Rn
Percent
Finer
100∑Rn
Pan
Total Sample Weight M1 (g)
Mass loss during sieve analysis :
M−M1
M
× 100 = _________% (OK if less than 2%)
Lab Report Guidelines
You should consider the last section of each lab experiment as well as 1.5 Report Preparation part when
writing a lab report.
The Materials and Methods and results section should be written in the past tense, since your
experiments are completed at the time you are writing your paper.
Your lab report should include the following sections:
Cover Page (0.5 pt)
Include the title of the experiment, name, group number, and the date on which the experiment
was performed
Introduction(1 pt)
Purpose of experiment
Background Information
Materials and Methods(2 pt)
Equipment Used
Schematic diagram of main equipment used (if required )
Test procedure generally contains information on the physical nature of the experiment, such as
the type of instrumentation used, the variables controlled and those that are not controlled, and
any unusual conditions. Here is an example of a section of that type.
The experiment was carried out with a Nicolet Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer.
The resolution of the spectrometer was set at 1 cm-1 for all spectra. The experiment involved the
accumulation of a background spectrum which were subtracted from the spectrum of the sample
to provide the response of the sample. The detector was a nitrogen-cooled cadmium-telluride
detector. Each experiment resulted from the average 64 transient responses coadded, with the
background spectrum being the accumulation of 64 spectra without the sample present. The
data were analyzed by Fourier transformation using the software of the instrument. The data
were saved to disk, and were subsequently analyzed with a spreadsheet program, in this case,
Microsoft EXCEL. Theoretical values of the parameters were predicted by computation with the
program GAUSSIAN.
The section need not be long, but it should include everything about the experimental setup that
the author thinks is important.
retrieved from”https://www1.udel.edu/pchem/C446/example.pdf”
Results(4 pt)
Present your data using text AND figures/tables.
Describes your major findings in the data presented in the figures and tables.
Don’t interpret the data. It could be done in the Discussion section of the lab report.
All figures and tables are properly formatted with numbers, titles and legends that are easy to the
reader to follow.
DO NOT ATTACH YOUR LAB DATA SHEET to show your results.
Discussion(2 pt)
Summarize what you found.
Explain and interpret your results. It may involve comparison of the test results with existing
empirical relationship
Source of errors if any
Other details not included in the report
References(0.5 pt)
Sufficient and appropriate sources cited. All references are formatted appropriately
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