follow rubric, no plagiarism, apa format, part b, b1
20190220022823author__2_.pdf
20190226185147influenza.docx
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Final Results
You have successfully completed In uenza in Bentonville
You have completed this assignment.
Community Advocacy
You have completed all tasks related to Community Advocacy
Emergency Response
You have completed all tasks related to Emergency Response
Communicable Disease
You have completed all tasks related to Communicable Disease
Total Population
Student
1,412
Population Fraction
1,271
1,129
988
847
706
564
423
282
141
0
09/05
09/13
09/22
Susceptible (60,623)
10/01
Infected (1,435)
10/10
10/19
Date
Recovered (8,472)
10/28
11/06
Vaccinated (7,701)
11/15
Deceased (86)
Sta ng Summary
4.5k
Work Hours Per Day
4k
3.5k
3k
11/24
Student
Demand
Treated
Nurses
Doctors
Support
2.5k
2k
1.5k
1k
500
0
09/05
09/14
09/23
10/02
10/11
10/20
Date
10/29
11/07
11/16
Patient Summary
Number of Patients
250
11/25
Student
Critical Care
Flu Care
Standard Care
200
150
100
50
0
09/05
09/14
09/23
10/02
10/11
10/20
Date
10/29
11/07
11/16
11/25
Running head: INFLUENZA IN BENTONVILLE
Influenza in Bentonville
Name
Institution
Date
1
INFLUENZA IN BENTONVILLE
Outbreak in Bentonville
Bentonville is one of the places that have been affected by flu. The city has a total
population of 1,412,000 people with a total number of 1435 being infected and 86 dying
from the infection. The people who were at risk were 60,623, with 7,701 being
vaccinated. After the epidemic, standard care was provided throughout the city showing
that most people received the attention they needed while flu care was not offered to
many people while critical care was presented at a low rate. The demand for doctors was
not that high through the doctors were available moderately. After the outbreak,
emergency response was conducted to help the people who were affected by the
administration of medication and making sure that other people were protected. It is clear
that the number of students affected was high, but others were vaccinated thus helping
reduce the health issue.
Epidemiological Determinants and Risk Factors
The distinct outbreak of influenza in a year creates an epidemiology pattern which
reflects how the antigenic properties change of influenza viruses and factors that support
their spread, transmissibility, and susceptibility in the population. , and they undergo
periodic changes when they are in the antigenic characteristics of the glycoproteins that
envelop them which are the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin (Cannon, Bauer, Weust &
Southard, 2018). The sialic acid residues which are found on the glycoproteins are bound
using influenza hemagglutinin, and the interaction is essential when an infection is being
initiated. After viral replication takes place, the progeny virions become attached to the
cell of the host.
2
INFLUENZA IN BENTONVILLE
3
Flu is considered as one of the most severe illnesses, thus the need to determine the risk
factors as a way of staying safe. People with chronic lung conditions such as COPD, cystic
fibrosis, asthma or bronchiectasis are at high risk. Children and adolescent with long-term aspirin
therapy are highly susceptible to influenza. Other risk factors are heart conditions, morbid
obesity, liver disorders, severe anemia, diabetes, and chronic metabolic disorder. Other health
conditions such as HIV/AIDS and treatments which require chemotherapy and the use of steroids
suppress the immune system of the patients thus increasing the risk of getting influenza.
Route of Transmission
In human beings, transmission of influenza may take place using three ways. The first
way is through direct contact with a person who is infected. The second way is a healthy person
coming into contact with objects that have been contaminated such as doorknobs and toys, and
they are known as fomites. The third method is through inhaling of aerosols that have been
contaminated by the virus. Transmission through the respiratory is dependent on the aerosols
production containing the virus particles. Aerosols can be produced through sneezing, breathing
and speaking and coughing and sneezing results in forceful expulsion. When the infected
particles are sneezed or dropped, they can drop few meters on the ground and through breathing,
the immediate people will collect the aerosols and get infected (Zhou, Chen, Bao, Xiang, Wu,
Wu & Ren, 2018). The droplets carrying the virus travel depending on their sizes, which means
the smallest droplets, are able to move further, getting to people a bit far. Some droplets remain
suspended on the air, and when breathed in with the air, they reach the lower respiratory tract.
When the viruses are placed in the upper respiratory tract, the infection is initiated. Depending
on the people who are around, the virus can spread at a very fast rate.
Impact on Community
INFLUENZA IN BENTONVILLE
The outbreak of flu would affect the functioning of the community due to fear of
the spreading to all people. In schools, for instance, they have to be stopped to avoid the
spread. The school will be closed for a period of time until the influenza issue has been
addressed. When some students are sick, the illness can spread very fast to the other
students (Cowling, Chan, Fang, Cheng, Fung, Wai & Chiu, 2009). Therefore, the school
will be closed down to make sure that the ill students can get help while others stay at
home until the outbreak has been addressed. The local governments will be expected to
assist in addressing the issue. They will assist in funding the hospitals to make sure that
the infected people are assisted. The local governments will hire other medical
professionals to make sure that the influenza vaccine is provided to the healthy people
throughout the community to make sure that the illness will not spread further. The
community members will also be involved in helping the affected people to make sure
that those infected are able to recover much faster so that the entire community can
continue with their norm. The hospitals will have to create a place where the flu affected
people will be kept to avoid infecting others.
Reporting Protocol
Reporting of influenza is essential as it helps in detecting emerging threats such as
novel influenza strains, clinical severity, and communicability. There are several
requirements for legal reporting. The health care providers and medical facilities in the
affected and nearing regions should be notified immediately. In two business days,
laboratories should be involved by the local hospitals, where a specimen is submitted to
determine the specimen that should be isolated. The veterinarians also have to be
notified. The local health jurisdictions also have to be aware, for instance, the Office of
4
INFLUENZA IN BENTONVILLE
5
Communicable Diseases Epidemiology. After the report has been made, the local health
jurisdiction investigates the issue. The CDE should be contacted immediately concerning the
novel influenza infections thus determining the levels of exposure. They will also be involved in
facilitating the transport of the specimens to the laboratories for a test. The local health
jurisdiction will also make sure that effective control measures have been implemented before
resting has been done. An investigation should also be conducted to establish the efficacy and
people who are affected are isolated, and medication is given to those who require it.
Strategies to Prevent Outbreak of Influenza
The best way in which influenza can be prevented is by making sure that people have
been vaccinated annually during the flu season. However, there are good health habits that can
help prevent the spread of the flu when there is an outbreak. Some flu antiviral drugs can be
administered as a way of treating and preventing influenza. Some of the good health habits
include avoiding close contact with sick people. The sick people should stay isolated as a way of
making sure that they avoid sneezing and releasing droplets of virus thus spreading to other
people. When a person is sick, they should stay at home from work and school to avoid
spreading to healthy people. It is essential to cover the mouth and the nose to the people who
have influenza when sneezing or coughing. It is a way of preventing to spit the virus droplets out
and infecting the healthy people. Cleaning hands helps in protecting from germs with soap and
water or an alcohol-based hand rub. Avoiding touching the mouth, eyes, and nose is necessary to
prevent contamination. In school, the management should make sure that there is a separation
between sick and healthy students to avoid infecting others.
Community Advocacy
INFLUENZA IN BENTONVILLE
The first advocacy is educating people about influenza and how it can be spread
easily. In that way, people will learn the importance of getting the flu vaccine early to
prevent them from contracting the virus. The advocacy will involve encouraging all
people to get vaccinated for the flu, from children, adolescents, adults and the aged.
When people learn the importance of the flue, they will accept to take the vaccines, and
the spread of influenza after an outbreak will be less. The local hospitals should be
responsible for making influenza vaccine recommendation to the patients. Since the
epidemic happens with seasons, the medical providers should get the patients to get
vaccinated when they are in the hospital. The SHARE method should be used during
advocacy, starting with sharing the reasons why people should be vaccinated.
Highlighting the positive experiences with the vaccine which increases the confidence in
patients to get vaccinated should be done (Kiani, Ghazanfarpour & Saeidi, 2019).
Addressing the questions of the patients should be addressed, such as the concerns they
have, the safety effects, side effects and effectiveness of the vaccine and the concerns
should be addressed in a language that is being understood. Reminding the patients of the
protection, they gain with their loved ones after the vaccine has been administered should
be done. Explaining the potential cost of the influenza is essential such as the time lost
and the severe health effects, as well as financial cost and it, is a way of convincing
people to get the vaccination.
Emergency Response
The emergency response starts with isolating the sick people with healthy people.
Influenza is a severe condition, and once it has been spread, it can lead to the death of
large numbers of people as well as affecting others. The financial cost is high thus calling
6
INFLUENZA IN BENTONVILLE
7
for emergency administration of medication to the victims. Some anti-viruses can be affected by
the people already contaminated by the flu. After the administration, monitoring of the progress
should follow to determine if the medication is working. The people who are not affected should
be given the measures they should take, such as using mouth covers and washing their hands
after visiting the sick people. After the epidemic is over, it is necessary to vaccinate people to
protect them in case of a future outbreak (Mermel, 2018). Other measures should be taken such
as advertising people to stay at home instead of going to work and school to avoid spreading it to
the healthy. The sick people should be advised to cover their mouth when coughing or sneezing
and dispose of the tissue properly. The people with the symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea,
chills, fatigue, body aches and sore throat should undertake tests to make sure that they are
cleared off the flu issue. Through the emergency response, both treatment and prevention will be
carried out.
INFLUENZA IN BENTONVILLE
References
Cannon, E., Bauer, R., Weust, J., & Southard, E. P. (2018). Nursing management of influenza.
MedSurg Nursing, 27(2), 83-86.
Cowling, B. J., Chan, K. H., Fang, V. J., Cheng, C. K., Fung, R. O., Wai, W., … & Chiu, B. C.
(2009). Facemasks and hand hygiene to prevent influenza transmission in households: a
cluster randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine, 151(7), 437-446.
Kiani, M. A., Ghazanfarpour, M., & Saeidi, M. (2019). Influenza: A Unique Disease.
International Journal of Pediatrics, 9349-9354.
Mermel, L. A. (2018). The great influenza centennial—what have we learned about the
epidemiology and prevention of transmission?. Clinical Microbiology and Infection,
24(12), 1227-1228.
Zhou, L., Chen, E., Bao, C., Xiang, N., Wu, J., Wu, S., … & Ren, R. (2018). Clusters of human
infection and human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A (H7N9) virus, 2013–
2017. Emerging infectious diseases, 24(2), 397.
8
…
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
