my thesis: With the rising cost of living and fewer earning enough to save for retirement, the modern day workers are doomed to keep working there whole lives. The tensions between generational gaps in the workplace has led to lower productivity and rising cost for medical in companies. Along with age discrimination and division led to companies lack of innovation. Please note that the requirement is attached
literature_review.pdf
Unformatted Attachment Preview
LBSU 487: INSTRUCTIONS for Literature Review
Assignment
Complete a literature review for the social/cultural issue research essay relevant to your field of
study. The literature review must include a thesis, three supporting reasons, and five scholarly
references annotated and assessed. Your literature review must be 750-1000 words in addition
to the references and title pages.
What is a literature review?
A literature review establishes the scholarly foundation for your social issue research essay. Its
purpose is to produce your stated thesis position with supporting reasons and credible evidence
that is guiding your social issue research essay project.
A thorough literature review process has six steps. Following these steps will prepare you to
write the literature review assignment as well as a comprehensive research essay.
1. Select a topic
Choose a topic that is a practical social or cultural problem or issue related to your degree
major and career field (see the social issue research essay assignment for examples).
Issues may be uncovered from introspection, journals, and media. Ask for topic selections
from persons knowledgeable in your academic discipline or skilled practitioners.
Your interest or concern should be as specific as possible. Set clear boundaries and make
sure the topic is relevant to your degree field of study and has significance to the research
community. Always keep an open mind and weigh your data critically. Look at the pros and
cons of the issue. By reflecting on your past experiences, talking with others in your field,
and revisiting what you learned from your degree major courses, take the best path forward.
2. Search the literature
Look for the strongest reasons and most credible evidence to support your stated position.
Build your case by compiling and logically arranging your reasons and evidence. Tools
range from basic 3-by-5 cards to software such as EndNote or Citation. Define key terms.
Construct an annotated bibliography of your references. For each reference, you should
(1) summarize the argument and (2) assess its relevance and value to your research topic.
When summarizing the argument, clearly identify the author’s thesis (stated conclusion),
explain the methods used to investigate the problem, and comment on how the text is
organized. When assessing relevance and value, briefly explain how you intend to use the
source and why. When assessing, here are questions to address: Does the source make
new connections or open up new ways of seeing the problem or issue? How effective is the
method of investigation? Why do you find this source valuable? How good is the evidence?
(Current? representative sample?) How do the conclusions bear on your own position?
When writing a literature review, reflect on how the research topic is influenced and shaped
1
by the information you gather. How is your understanding of the topic changing?
3. Develop the argument
Organize the information to develop an argument. What does the research indicate about
your topic? Your argument is a logical presentation of reasons/evidence leading up to and
justifying your stated conclusion (thesis position). A thesis position (stated conclusion) is
also called a claim which is defined as your declaration of proposed truth. Reasons and
evidence are the data that define and back up your claim.
Using only personal opinion or belief as grounds for your claim is insufficient for a
persuasive argument. For example, if your field of study were education, a defensible
argument might read like this: “A policy that penalizes parents of truants by imposing
monetary fines should be employed to lessen truancy rates in high schools (your claim)
because substantial evidence exists from several large studies in urban schools
demonstrating that fines levied on parents have reduced chronic absenteeism among 10th –
12th grade boys” (your reasons/evidence).
4. Survey the literature
Assemble, synthesize, and analyze your data to form the argument for your social issue
research topic. As you look at the whole research puzzle, some patterns will appear and an
organization should take shape.
Organize your sources in several ways to form a clear picture: chronologically (by
publication dates), thematically (by variables), or by different authors. Since you are using
relatively few sources for this assignment, experimenting with different grouping may reveal
how best to categorize and prioritize the reasons/evidence that support your argument.
Look for reasoning patterns that connect the evidence to your claim (thesis/conclusion).
With social science research, for example, you may notice a “side-by-side” reasoning
pattern with each source giving different data that all provide the same reasons to justify
your stated conclusion (thesis position). You may see several authors or theorists all in
support of your claim, using expert opinions, research studies, statistics, expert testimony,
and other data all pointing to the same conclusion. Or you may notice another type of
pattern that is “serial in nature” in which a conclusion from one source becomes the
evidence for a second conclusion, and so on, forming a chain of logic leading to your thesis.
5. Critique the literature
Interpret the current information on your research topic; this step is a logical extension of the
previous step that surveys the literature. Has what you discovered about the research topic
answered your original inquiry? Are there gaps, omissions, debates, or questions about
your topic that need further study? Taking what you now know about your subject (or
research question), what can you conclude? If the answer is clear, you have found a thesis
and your literature review has met its purpose. Of course the answers are not always
simple, and you should take into account rebuttals and opposing views that qualify your
thesis. Clearly acknowledging the strength of counter-arguments will make your own claims
more credible and practical as a proposed solution. Always address counter-arguments.
2
6. Write the review
Transform your research notes into a cohesive document for others. Study your material as
if you were preparing for a final exam or going to teach it to students or coworkers.
This step involves two major stages: (1) writing to understand and (2) writing to be
understood. In the first stage, you are writing to explore and expose any gaps in your own
thinking and documentation. It is best to construct an outline on which to base this draft. In
the second stage, you are concentrating on your audience, so you must organize, refine,
and revise your ideas to produce a clear and logical composition. During this stage, you are
engaged in a three-part iterative process of writing drafts, auditing for flaws, and editing.
What is the basic content and organization of a literature review?
Your literature review assignment represents a milestone document that precedes the
submission of your final social issue research essay. If you followed the literature review
process just described, you will have accumulated more than enough information to complete
this assignment and be thoroughly prepared to write a successful social issue research essay.
Your basic objective for this literature review assignment is to select, condense, and rewrite the
relevant material from the boarder, more comprehensive literature review process and place it
into a more concise 3-to-4-page deliverable format.
Your Literature Review Assignment is comprised of the following sections:
Introductory Statement (short paragraph)
Draw the reader into your work with a striking example, core of the debate, or a question
posed by your research. Then focus on key ideas of the problem or issue, and why it is a
practical concern within the broad context of your field of study. Finally, wrap up the
paragraph by stating why your study has value for the academic community.
Argument (3/4 to 1 page)
As you learned in the literature review process, the argument includes your thesis and
supporting reasons and evidence. Write your thesis (clear, specific claim or stated
conclusion) that addresses a social problem or issue. Back up your thesis with at least three
reasons that are directly relevant and credible. State the strongest reason first. The
reasons should be expressed clearly and logically. Your ideas should flow smoothly and
cohesively in unified and structured paragraphs.
Annotated Bibliography (2 – 3 pages)
For each of the five scholarly references, (1) summarize the argument and (2) assess its
relevance and value to your research topic. Typically this will require two paragraphs for
each reference: one for your summary and one for your assessment. Refer to Step 2
(Search the Literature) for the questions you should answer in the summary and
assessment for each source. For each reference, you need to indicate only the author or
originating source (organization), and the year of publication.
References (1 page)
List all references from your annotated bibliography in alphabetical order by author’s last
name or organization (if no author), using the Publication Manual of the APA (6th edition).
3
…
Purchase answer to see full
attachment
