RE: Discussion 1 – Week 3 Collapse Top of Form Conceptual Framework The conceptual framework of the study will focus on Maslow’s theory of motivation, the Vroom’s expectancy theory and Alderfer’s existence, relatedness and growth theory. According to Kessler, Rodopman, Bruurseman, and Spector (2013), these theories are used interchangeably for both professional and academic purposes to fore tell employee motivation. There are various conceptual frameworks that have been provided by researchers that offer understanding and strategies that managers can use to retain their employees (Night Audit), in the hotel industry. Kessler, et al (2013); Russ (2011) and Sebastian & Davison (2011) have inferred that the form of leadership styles and practices that a manager exhibits have the potential to influence the whether an employee retain employment in an organization or not. They broadly conceptualize the intersections between managers’ appeal to the human nature and their approach to motivating others in an organizational setting. Managers have the great influence in the way employees are retained in an organization since they deal directly to them, more so the management of the night audit staff. Their retention depends on operational effectiveness of the following steps of night audit report, posting room and tax charges, assembling guest charges and payments, reconciling departmental financial activities, Reconciling the accounts receivable, running the trial balance, preparing the night audit report. The study will involve asking the managers the strategies they currently use to retain their night audit staff. Multiple sources of data have been used including from earlier studies that have been published, and the interviews from hotel managers. The researcher will explore the motivational theory, the existence, relatedness and growth theory and the expectancy theory. They will be analyzed against the gradient of the reasons why employees quit employment as night auditors and why they are motivated to seek employment as night auditors in the hotel industry. The concepts will be tied down to study the strategies used in employee retention to understand the underlying experiences in the hotel industry. References Kessler, S. R., Bruurseman, K., Rodopman, B. and Spector, P. E. (2013), Leadership, Interpersonal Conflict, and Counterproductive Work Behavior: An Examination of the Stressor–Strain Process. Negotiation Confl Manage Res, 6: 180-190. doi:10.1111/ncmr.12009 Russ, T. L. (2011). The relationship between Theory X / Y: Assumptions and communication apprehension. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 34, 238-249. doi:10.1108/01437731311326675 Sebastian, R. J., & Davison, B. (2011). The root causes of contract administration problems. Journal of Public Procurement, 11, 171-189. Retrieved from www.pracademics.com/jopp.html RE: Discussion 1 – Week 3 From professor Here is the description of this component from the prospectus guide: Theoretical/Conceptual Framework In one paragraph, describe the theoretical base or conceptual framework from the scholarly literature that will ground the study (providing citations). Base this description on the problem, purpose, and background of your study. Specifically, identify and describe: (a) theory: theoretical base or conceptual framework, (b) author of the theoretical base or conceptual framework (if applicable), (c) date of the theoretical base or conceptual framework (if applicable), (d) key tenets, propositions, constructs, variables, hypotheses, etc., and (e) how the theoretical base or conceptual framework is applicable and fits to the study. Review the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework video tutorial at: http://youtu.be/P-01xVTIVC8 to aid in completing Theoretical/Conceptual Framework section. Keep in mind that Conceptual Framework is the correct term for use in a QUAL study. You do have that language, but now you need to focus on one CF and tell us about it specifically. Please narrow down your CF to one theory or model. Then revise this so that you cover the items in the DBA rubric for that CF. Keep working on APA format for your citations and references. — Instead of this, please be sure to state the key concepts and propositions (or tenets) of the CF: Managers have the great influence in the way employees are retained in an organization since they deal directly to them, more so the management of the night audit staff. Their retention depends on operational effectiveness of the following steps of night audit report, posting room and tax charges, assembling guest charges and payments, reconciling departmental financial activities, Reconciling the accounts receivable, running the trial balance, preparing the night audit report. (1.10) Theoretical/Conceptual Framework[1]: Clearly and concisely identify the theory/conceptual framework. In quantitative studies, the theoretical framework is the appropriate term and in qualitative studies the conceptual framework is the appropriate term. The student will articulate the theoretical/conceptual framework with concepts from the literature to ground and complement the applied business study. This component should not exceed one page. It will be expanded upon in the literature review.See Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Video Tutorial at: http://youtu.be/P-01xVTIVC8 Identifies and describes the theory or conceptual model for theoretical/conceptual framework. Identifies theorist(s) of the theory or conceptual model for theoretical/conceptual framework (if applicable).Identifies date of the theory or conceptual model for theoretical/conceptual framework (if applicable).[2]Identifies key concepts/propositions/tenets of the theory or conceptual model for theoretical/conceptual framework.Identifies how/why the theory or conceptual model for theoretical/conceptual framework is applicable and fits/applies to the study. [1] The theory/conceptual framework informs the research (quantitative) and interview (qualitative) questions. Be sure to review the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework Video Tutorial at: http://youtu.be/P-01xVTIVC8.[2] Some literature identifies the specific date the theorist introduced the theory; provide this date if this is the case. If not, then it’s not applicable.
phd_prospectus_template_.docx
dba_prospectus_guide02052019_apa_ref_and_tf_heading_edit_03062019__1_.docx
Unformatted Attachment Preview
1
Prospectus
Title
Student Name
Name of program – Name of specialization
A00000000
2
Prospectus: Title
Problem Statement
Insert the text of your problem statement here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated
Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this
section.
Purpose
Insert the text of your purpose statement here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated
Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this
section.
Significance
Insert the text of the purpose and significance of your study here. Follow the guidance in
the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more
on writing this section.
Background
Insert the text of the background of your study here. Follow the guidance in the
Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on
writing this section.
Framework (Conceptual or Theoretical)
Insert the text of the framework of your study here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated
Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this
section.
3
Research Question(s) and Hypotheses (if applicable)
Insert your research questions and hypotheses (if applicable) here. Follow the guidance in
the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more
on writing this section.
Nature of the Study
Insert the text of the nature of your study here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated
Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this
section.
Possible Types and Sources of Data
Insert the text of possible types and sources of data here. Follow the guidance in the
Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on
writing this section.
Limitations, Challenges, and/or Barriers
Insert the text of information on limitations, challenges, and/or barriers that may need to
be addressed when conducting this study. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the
sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
4
References
Insert your reference list here. Refer to the sample in the Dissertation Prospectus guide
for an example of this section.
Walden University
DBA Doctoral Study
Prospectus Guide
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Walden University
Academic Offices
155 Fifth Avenue South, Suite 100
Minneapolis, MN55401
1-800-WALDENU(1-800-925-3368)
Walden University is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and
a member of the North Central
Association, www.ncahlc.org; 1-312-263-0456.
© 2013 Walden University, LLC
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000000000000000000000000000000000
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The Prospectus
Completing the Prospectus
The DBA Doctoral Study Prospectus consists of several detailed small sections. A sample
prospectus is in the appendix. The goal for the prospectus is to create a plan for developing your
doctoral study proposal. Therefore, you need to have some detailed information for the
prospectus, but you do not need to know all the specific details of the study that you will
ultimately conduct. For example, you may identify employee satisfaction as a variable of the
study, but at this point, you do not yet need to identify the instrument that you plan to use to
measure the variable.
Each research project is different, and because this outline is general, reviewers often ask to
include additional information in your prospectus. For example, feasibility is one criterion for
evaluating your prospectus, and if you are considering a unique sample group, your committee
may ask you to explore that aspect in more detail before moving forward.
The DBA Doctoral Study Prospectus will follow APA 6th edition guidelines and formatted as
.doc or. docx file. As you work on the document, also review the tools available on the CRQ
website, the Doctoral Capstone Research Guide, DDBA Doctoral Study Template, and Doctoral
Study Rubric. Appendices A, B and C contain an annotated outline, sample “quantitative”
prospectus, and Prospectus Rubric, respectively. Appendix D is a graphical depiction of a threestep formula for “qualitative” business problem alignment.
Submitting the Prospectus
Students will work with their chair in DDBA 8100, Doctoral Study Mentoring, to complete the
prospectus. You will use the example Prospectus (Appendix A) as a guide and template; there is
no other official Prospectus template. Students should aim to have an approved Prospectus by the
end of their 3rd DDBA 8100 course. As is the case for the proposal and doctoral study, for which
you will receive feedback on working drafts, prospectus development is an iterative process.
Committee members will use the Prospectus Rubric (Appendix C) to evaluate the Prospectus.
Follow the submission guidelines identified in the course submission instructions.
Appendix A – Annotated Outline
Title Page
The recommended title of the business study should not exceed 12 words to include the topic, the
variables and relationship between them (quantitative studies), and the most critical keywords.
Double-space the title if over one line of type and center it under the word Prospectus.
Include your name, your program of study (and specialization if applicable) and Banner ID
Number, double-spaced and centered under the title.
Title
Include the title as it appears on the title page. Double-space if over one line of type and centered
at the top of the page. The title follows the word Prospectus and a colon.
Problem Statement
Provide a one-paragraph statement (recommended approximately 150 words) that is the result of
a review of research findings, appropriate peer-reviewed/government sources, and current
practice and that contains the following information:
1. Hook: (a WOW statement supported with a peer reviewed citation no older than 5
years from anticipated date CAO will sign.)
2. Anchor (includes a number supported with a peer reviewed/government citation no
older than 5 years from your anticipated CAO signature)
3. The general business problem is XXXX
4. The specific business problem is some (identify who has the specific business
problem) has limited information on XXX
Review the Problem Statement Video tutorial to aid you in completing the Problem Statement.
The video tutorial is located at: http://youtu.be/IYWzCYyrgpo
Purpose Statement
Provide a one-paragraph Purpose Statement (recommended approximately 200 words) and that
contains the following information:
Quantitative Study: (a) methodology, (b) design, (c) research variables (independent and
dependent), (d) specific population, (e) geographical location, and (f) social change statement.
Note: A correlation study must examine the relationship between “more than” two variables. In
other words, a simple bivariate correlation analysis is not substantive for a doctoral study. As a
minimum, a multiple linear regression, using at least two predictor (independent) variables, is
required.
Qualitative Study: (a) methodology, (b) design, (c) specific population, (d) geographical
location, and (e) social change statement.
Please review the Purpose Statement Video tutorial to aid you in completing the Purpose
Statement. Located the video tutorial at: http://youtu.be/pLP4r0mfT9A.
Nature of the Study
The Nature of the Study component serves two purposes. The first purpose is describing and
justifying the methodology (i.e. quantitative, qualitative, or mixed-method). The second purpose
is describing and justifying the design (i.e. case study, phenomenological, correlation).
Therefore, a well-crafted Nature of the Study can be presented in two paragraphs but not exceed
one page.
The first paragraph is to describe and justify the methodology. State why you selected a specific
method and why other methods were not appropriate. The second paragraph is to describe and
justify the design. State why you selected a specific design and why other designs were not
appropriate.
Research Question(s)/Hypotheses
List the research question that will lead to the development of the requirements in the study and
steps for accomplishing the requirements. A research question informs the research design by
providing a foundation for:
• Generation of hypotheses in quantitative studies,
• Questions necessary to build the design structure for qualitative studies (i.e. interview
questions),
• Process by which different methods will work together in mixed studies.
Interview Questions (Qualitative)
The interview questions are to be informed by the conceptual framework. Please see the
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework video tutorial at: http://youtu.be/P-01xVTIVC8.
Theoretical/Conceptual Framework
In one paragraph, describe the theoretical base or conceptual framework from the scholarly
literature that will ground the study (providing citations). Base this description on the problem,
purpose, and background of your study. Specifically, identify and describe:
(a) theory: theoretical base or conceptual framework,
(b) author of the theoretical base or conceptual framework (if applicable),
(c) date of the theoretical base or conceptual framework (if applicable),
(d) key tenets, propositions, constructs, variables, hypotheses, etc., and
(e) how the theoretical base or conceptual framework is applicable and fits to the study.
Review the Theoretical/Conceptual Framework video tutorial at: http://youtu.be/P-01xVTIVC8
to aid in completing Theoretical/Conceptual Framework section.
Significance of the Study
Provide one to two paragraphs, informed by the topic in the problem statement, which
describe(s):
1. The value to the business/social impact.
2. Contribution to effective practice of business
3. Potential contribution to positive social change and improvement of business practice.
References
Include references formatted in the correct style (APA 6th edition, modeled at the end of this
guide) for all citations within the Doctoral Study Prospectus.
Student and Committee Information
Date of Review:
Student’s Name (Last, First):
Student ID (for office use only):
Chairperson:
Second Committee Member:
University Research Reviewer:
Person Conducting this Review:
Note: Type in the applicable information.
Appendix B
Prospectus
Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Employee Turnover Intentions
by
Alpha B. Gamma
Doctor of Business Administration Prospectus – Name of DBA Specialization
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
of
Doctor of Business Administration
Walden University
Student ID: A00000000
Month Year1
1
Anticipated CAO Signature Date
Prospectus: Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Employee Turnover
Intentions
Problem Statement
Losing highly skilled technical employees disrupts organizational functioning,
service delivery, and administration (Bothma & Roodt, 2012). From a financial
perspective, employee turnover can cost employers between 90 and 200 % of annual pay
(Hom, Mitchell, Lee, & Griffeth, 2102). The general business problem is that employee
intent to leave is a major antecedent of actual employee turnover (Siddiqi, 2013). The
specific business problem is that some information technology (IT) small business
owners do not know the 2relationship between IT employee perceptions of their
leaders’ transformation leadership characteristics and employee turnover intention.
Purpose Statement
The purpose of this quantitative correlation study is to examine the relationship
between IT employee perceptions of their leaders’ transformation leadership
characteristics and employee turnover intention. The targeted population consists of
IT business leaders located in Orlando, Florida. The independent variables are employee
perceptions of their leaders’ (a) idealized attributes, (b) idealized behaviors, (c)
intellectual stimulation, (d) inspirational motivation, and (e) individualized consideration.
The dependent variable is employee turnover intention3. The implications for social
change include the potential to (include social change implications).
2
Note the alignment (bold underlined text) between the last sentence of the Problem Statement, first
sentence of the Purpose Statement, and Research Question.
3
The independent and dependent variables are the same variables identified in the research question.
Nature of the Study4
Quantitative methodology is the foundation of the postpositivist worldview. The
researcher uses descriptive and inferential statistics, by-products of the quantitative
methodology, to describe the population and infer the sample results to the broader
population (Orcher, 2014). The justification of the quantitative method results from the
need to test the efficacy of transformational leaderships constructs in predicting employee
turnover intentions. Conversely, researchers employing qualitative methodology seek to
explore (seeking how or why answers), rather than explain a phenomenon or outcome
(Yin, 2014). Therefore, the qualitative method is not appropriate for this study.
Researchers employing correlation designs do not seek cause and effect (Pallant,
2013). A key focus of correlation designs is tracing the distribution of the dependent
variable or some characteristic of the distribution (such as its mean) as a function of one
or more predictor variable (Pallant, 2013). Researchers employing experimental and
quasi-experimental designs seek cause and effect relationships (Orcher, 2014). However,
the purpose of this study is not to seek cause and effect; thus, the experimental and quasiexperimental designs are not appropriate for this study.
Quantitative Research Question5
What is the relationship between employee perception of their leaders’ (a)
idealized attributes, (b) idealized behaviors, (c) intellectual stimulation, (d)
inspirational motivation, (e) individualized consideration, and employee turnover
intention?
4
The first paragraph addresses the methodology only. The second paragraph addresses the design only.
The “specific” variables identified in the research question and are the same variables identified in the
Purpose Statement.
5
Hypotheses
Null Hypothesis (H0): There is no statistically significant relationship between
employee perception of their leaders’ (a) idealized attributes, (b) idealized behaviors, (c)
intellectual stimulation, (d) inspirational motivation, (e) individualized consideration, and
employee turnover intention?
Alternative Hypothesis (H1): There is a statistically significant relationship
between employee perception of their leaders’ (a) idealized attributes, (b) idealized
behaviors, (c) intellectual stimulation, (d) inspirational motivation, (e) individualized
consideration, and employee turnover intention?
Theoretical Framework
Burns (1978) developed the transformational leadership. Burns used the theory to
offer an explanation for leadership based upon the premise that leaders are able to inspire
followers to change expectations, perceptions, and motivations to work toward common
goals. Burns identified the following key constructs underlying the theory (a) idealized
attributes, (b) idealized behaviors, (c) intellectual stimulation, (d) inspirational
motivation, and (e) individualized consideration. As applied to this study, the
transformational leadership theory holds that I would expect the independent variables
(transformational leadership constructs), measured by the Multifaceted Leadership
Questionnaire, to predict employee turnover intention because (provide a rationale based
upon the logic of the theory and extant literature). Figure 1 is a graphical depiction of the
transformational leadership theory as it applies to examining turnover intentions.
Idealized Attributes
Idealized Behavior
Intellectual Stimulation
Turnover Intention
Inspirational Motivation
Moral Integrity
Figure 1. Graphical model of transformational leadership theory as it applies to
examining turnover intentions.
Significance of the Study
Organizational leaders are faced with maximizing profitability. Therefore
organizational leaders seek to minimize employee turnover to maximize profitability and
maintain critical knowledge capital within their organizations. This study is significant to
business practice in that it may provide a practical model for understanding better the
relationship between transformational leadership characteristics and employee turnover
intentions. A significant predictive model can aid and support leaders in predicting
turnover intentions, and more important, employing interventions to mitigate employee
turnover intentions. The implications for positive social change include to potential
provide significant knowledge to organizational leaders conducive to minimizing
turnover and maximizing profitability.
References
Bothma, C. F., & Roodt, G. (2012). Work-based identity and work engagement as potential
antecedents of task performance and turnover intention: Unravelling a complex
relationship. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 38, 27-44. doi:10.4102/sajip.v38i1.893
Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York, NY: Harper.
Hom, P. W., Mitchell, T. R., & Lee, T. W., & Griffeth, R. W. (2012). Reviewing employee
turnover: Focusing on proximal withdrawal states and an expanded criterion.
Psychological Bulletin, 138, 831-858. doi:10.1037/a0027983
Orcher, L. T. (2014). Conducting research: social and behavioral methods (2nd ed.). Glendale,
CA: Pyrczak.
Pallant, J. (2013). SPSS survivor manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS for
Windows (5th ed.). Berkshire, England: Open University Press.
Siddiqi, M. A. (2013). Examining work engagement as a precursor to turnover intentions of
service employees. International Journal of Information, Business and Management,
5(4), 118-132. Retrieved from http://ijibm.elitehall.com
Yin, R. K. (2014). Case study research: Design and methods (5th ed.). London, England: Sage.
Appendix C – DBA Prospectus Rubric
Section 1
Foundation of the Study
(FOR PROPOSAL & DBA DOCTORAL STUDY DOCUMENTS)
Quality Indicators
(1.3) Problem Statement
a. Provides a “current” hook6 supported by peer reviewed or government
citation less than 5-years old from anticipated graduation date.
b. Provides a “current” data driven7 anchor supported by peer reviewed
or government citation less than 5-years old from anticipated
completion date
c. States the general business problem Note: This element should start as
follows: The general business problem is…
d. States the specific business problem. Be sure to state who has the
specific problem (i.e. small business leaders, project managers, supply
chain managers, etc.) Note: This element should start as follows: The
specific business problem is that some (identify who has the
problem)…
e. Ensures the specific business problem aligns with the research
question and purpose statement.
f. It is recommended that the Problem Statement be approximately 150
words.
g.
• Check with Ulrich’s Periodical Directory
http://library.waldenu.edu/728.htm to ensure citations are peer
reviewed.8
• See Problem Statement Video Tutorial at:
http://youtu.be/IYWzCYyrgpo.
The hook should be a succinct wow statement to catch the reader’s attention.
An anchor comprises a number, percentage, dollar value, ratio, index, etc.
8
Ulrich’s is not 100% correct; it is still up to the student to verify via the journal home page.
6
7
Type Met,
Not Met, or
N/A in Each
Cell
Section 1
Foundation of the Study
(FOR PROPOSAL & DBA DOCTORAL STUDY DOCUMENTS)
Quality Indicators
Type Met,
Not Met, or
N/A in Each
Cell
(1.4) Purpose Statement: Describes the intent of the research9. The Purpose Statement is
a mini story and recommended to be approximately 200 words. The Purpose Statement
must address the following six elements:
a. Identifies the research method as qualitative10, quantitative, or mixedmethods.
b. Id …
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