I provided the instruction template to follow for this assignment and I also add a past student paper that can be use as an example because we both have the same role (Case Manager Nurse)…… answer the question for the assignment base on a Registered Nurse working as a case manager. the week 5 assignment from a past student is the perfect example of what i’m looking for….. please do not copy it word for word, Must be under 10% match if decided to used the example provided. Thank you.
week_5_template_.docx
week_5_assigment_example.docx
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Nursing Care Models Worksheet
Identify the model of nursing care that you observed. Be specific about what you
observed, who was doing what, when, how and what led you to identify the particular
model
Review and summarize one scholarly resource (not including your text) related to the
nursing care model you observed in the practice setting.
Review and summarize one scholarly resource (not including your text) related to a
different nursing care model that you observed in the practice setting.
Discuss a different nursing care model from step #3 of the directions and how it could
be implemented to improve quality of nursing care, safety and staff satisfaction. Be
specific.
Summarize this assignment and what you learned about the two nursing care models
discussed.
References:
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The Nursing Care Models
Chamberlain College of Nursing
NUR 447: Collaborative Healthcare
Name
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Introduction
Nursing care models are used to provide a definition and structure to the different impacts of
nursing care. The models show just how diverse nursing practice can be. “Nursing practice models have
been used to implement resource-intensive strategies with the goal of decreasing expenses and using
staff more effectively. Nursing models help to identify and describe nursing care,” (pg. 111, Finkelman,
2016). Nursing care models also help give direction to nursing care (Finkelman, 2016). In different
nursing clinical areas, different nursing care models may be used that best suit the needs of that area.
Various Methods
The Total Care Method Model, also known as the Case Method Model, is considered the oldest
of the models (Finkelman, 2016). This method is considered the “model for all care to a patient during a
shift,” (pg. 111, Finkelman, 2016). The Total Care Method Model defines that the primary nurse of a
patient is responsible for all care during an eight-hour shift (Finkelman, 2016). While this may have
been the first care model, it has criticisms as nursing has evolved (Finkelman, 2016). The type of care
that is described by this model is seldom achievable by one registered nurse who has multiple patients
under her care, sometimes for 12 hours at time (Finkelman, 2016). This model is mostly used by the
home-health sector of nursing, where one nurse visits one patient at a time (Finkelman, 2016).
Throughout time, even home-health nurses have adapted this method to better fit their needs by having
divided the care amongst nurses, aides, physical therapist, and other members of the healthcare team
(Finkelman, 2016).
The functional nursing model is task-orientated (Finkelman, 2016). The model focuses on what
must be done by each nurse and aide. A charge nurse is responsible for an assignment that gives each
nurse a role, such a medication administration, and each aide a role, such as taking vital signs
(Finkelman, 2016). A drawback to the functional nursing model is that nurses may feel that they are just
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working to perform a job list instead of patient care (Finkelman, 2016). Patients may also feel they are
not receiving individualized care (Finkelman, 2016). This method is primarily used in long term care and
behavioral health facilities (Finkelman, 2016).
The Team Nursing model uses two or three staff members to provide care for all patients during
a shift (Finkelman, 2016). It was created during World War 2 to provide a solution to the nursing
shortage (Finkelman, 2016). The team consisted of a registered nurse, a licensed practical nurse, and an
assistant (Finkelman, 2016). The registered nurse provided all the decision making for the patients in
lieu of a physician due to limited team member collaboration (Finkelman, 2016). This method, like the
functional nursing model, is focused on task that need to be completed (Finkelman, 2016).
The Primary Nursing method uses a registered nurse as the primary nurse who provides all the
direct care to the patient (Finkelman, 2016). An associate nurse focuses on the care plans that are
developed by the primary nurse and assist the primary nurse (Finkelman, 2016). A downside of primary
nursing is the fact it creates a healthcare team solely of registered nurses which may increase cost
(Finkelman, 2016).
There are several more methods that nursing may rely on. Each comes with benefits and
downfalls.
Case Management Nursing
I work as a Case Manager in a hospital setting that combines utilization review and discharge
planning. I help patients receive the assistance they need to have a safe discharge plan. The job requires
constant communication with the entire healthcare team while having little to no direct medical patient
care to guide patients through the healthcare system (Finkelman, 2016). Case management in the acute
setting typically involves registered nurses, social workers, and physicians (Zander, 2017). “Nurse case
managers actively participate with their clients to identify and facilitate options and services for meeting
individuals’ health needs, with the goal of decreasing fragmentation and duplication of care, and
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enhancing quality, cost-effective clinical outcomes,” (Hall & White, 2006). Case Management places the
focus on the patient as a customer of the hospital that needs a safe discharge plan and prevention of
readmissions. “Using the case management approach, nurses can optimize client self-care, decrease
fragmentation of care, provide quality care across a continuum, enhance clients’ quality of life, decrease
length of hospitalization, increase client and staff satisfaction, and promote cost-effective use of scarce
resources,” (Zander, 2017).
The Case Management Model
With case management nursing, the focus of the patient care is set on coordinating care instead
of giving physical care to the patient (Finkelman, 2016). “The case management model is based on the
assumption that patients with complex health problems, catastrophic health situations, and high-cost
medical conditions need assistance in using the healthcare system effectively, and a case manager can
help patients with these needs,” (pg. 113, Finkelman, 2016). Case managers have many different roles
at different healthcare organizations to best meet the needs of the patients (Finkelman, 2016).
The functional model of the Case Management model includes both utilization review and
discharge planning (Zander, 2017). This most accurately reflects the model that is used at my job. A year
ago, my employer made the decision to combine the case management department and the unitization
review department. This model is typically used to reduce cost and to downsize the department
(Zander, 2017). “The role of the new hospital case manager position is often ill defined, the nature of
the department’s functions is not clearly articulated, and relationships with other disciplines are often
confusing,” (Zander, 2017).
With this model, the Case Management nurse performs two separate functions: utilization
review and discharge planning (Zander, 2017). Utilization review ensures the appropriate
documentation is charted to ensure the quality of patient care (Is utilization review the career for you,
2017). With the combination, the staff have the responsibilities of two separate full-time jobs. This can
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lead to confusion with other employees of the organization, such as physicians as to what a case
managers role is (Zander, 2017). “Several healthcare professional organizations and experts have
defined case management; however, there clearly is no universally accepted definition for case
management,” (Finkelman, 2016).
Conclusion
Nursing care models should combine responsibility, autonomy, and accountability to serve its
purpose (Finkelman, 2016). The nursing models define and give a purpose to the nursing role at each
individual job and facility (Finkelman, 2016). As a nurse, it is important to understand the what the
nursing care models are to best understand how to fulfill that role (Zander, 2017). “Nursing models of
care are developed to support or enhance professional practice,” (pg. 111. Finkelman, 2016).
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References
Finkelman, A. (2016). Leadership and Management for Nurses: Core Competencies for Quality Care, 3rd
Edition. [Vitalsource].
Is utilization review the career for you? (2017, May 20). Retrieved from
https://www.americannursetoday.com/utilization-review-career/
White, P., & Hall, M. E. (2006, April). Mapping the literature of case management nursing. Retrieved
from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1463029/
Zander, K. S. (2017). Case management models: Best practices for health systems and ACOs. Brentwood,
TN: HCPro. doi:https://hcmarketplace.com/aitdownloadablefiles/download/aitfile/aitfile_id/1942.pdf
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