For this assignment, you will select and investigate a communication theory and create an annotated bibliography that conforms to American Psychological Association format and style requirements.1. Choose a communication theory covered in the course content as follows:Any group or organizational comm theory EXCEPT GroupthinkCultural Studies, Cultivation Analysis, Spiral of Silence, and Mass Media theories but NOT Uses and GratificationsAny of the Culture and Diversity theoriesAny of the Relationship Development theories To begin acquainting yourself with communication theories, see the attachment here for an abridged list of basic communication theories. See the Encyclopedia of Communication Theory in our Course Resources for links to detailed information on a wide range of communication theories. 2. When you’re ready to begin your deep dive into your research, click on Resources > Library in the blue navigation bar at the top of our classroom screen or go to the UMUC Library at http://www.umuc.edu/library/library.html . You will be taken to the OneSearch page in our library.3. Click on Research Guides > Course Research Guides on that page to find this class’s communication theory resources. Review information about the theory you’d like to pursue. The Encyclopedia of Communication Theory would be a good source for this.4. Then go back to the OneSearch page and use the Research Databases or the Advanced Search function to explore information related to your major or your planned career in the list. 5. Once you are done exploring, search for peer-reviewed journal articles about thecommunication theory and career you’re interested in. Your job is to explore research on communication theories or skills that has been conducted about your chosen career field. For example, “nursing” and “standpoint theory” or “nursing” and “empathetic listening.” 6. Report the subject area. 7. Report the database(s) you used for your search. 8. Report the keywords you used in your searches.9. Write an introductory paragraph (~250-300 words) describing the reasons you chose that theory or researcher in the context of the following question:How can an understanding communication theory supplement your skills and the insights you will need to succeed in your future work? 10. Select three articles from the databases in your field of study or career interest that support your thesis in response to the question posed in Step 9. 11. Write an annotated bibliography for the three articles that best support your thesis. If you are unfamiliar with an annotated bibliography, click on Resources > Effective Writing Center in the classroom navigation bar to learn about them from our writing center, or go to the Purdue OWL. You need to write a complete APA citation for each article. Then write a summary of at least 150 words for each article that includes an explanation of how the article supports your thesis. Make sure each summary or “annotation” includes a specific quote that illuminates what you learned from the article.12. Please be sure to write carefully and well, using good grammar and APA-style in-text citations for quotes, summaries, and paraphrases.
sample_annotated_bibliography.docx
communication_theories.pdf
Unformatted Attachment Preview
[Insert APA-style Cover Sheet Here]
How can an understanding of interpersonal communication theory supplement
your skills and the insights you will need to succeed in your future work?
Interpersonal communication theory can vastly improve productivity and relationships in the
work environment. I chose to study into Social Exchange Theory, as I felt that that theory can best help
the workplace achieve better productivity, increase social interaction and open up communication that
will better the overall workplace. By having more meaningful and open communication; groups can
solve problems, troubleshoot and easily come up with fresh ideas to improve work flow and manage
issues that can arise in a product or implementation. An open and comfortable forum enables us to not
be afraid to bring up new and interesting ideas. It also enables us to speak candidly, addressing issues
that may arise from either personal or departmental mistakes. Without a level of comfortability in
communication, such topics can easily escalate into a “pointing of fingers” match, upon which
productivity is thrown out the window. In Social Exchange Theory, it states that the “major force in
personal relationships is the satisfaction of both people’s self interest” (West & Turner, 2010). If these
guidelines are followed in professional communication, both parties will express concerns and/ or praise
and can from that point achieve a mutual conclusion that is all around better for the company. If I enter
a meeting expecting answers about an issue, and a colleague enters a meeting expecting answers about
another issue, if both parties are acceptably answered to the satisfaction of each, they can then proceed
to better assess conclusions for those issues and future issues. Communication theory has amazing
potential in the workplace meeting environment, and can be used to increase productivity, which in turn
can increase income for both the person and the company as a whole. Incentive for all.
1
Reference
West, R., & Turner, L. (2010). Introducing communication theory: Analysis and application. New York,
NY: McGraw-Hill.
2
Annotated Bibliography
Source One
Database: EBSCOhost
Subject Area: Computers and Applied Sciences
Search Parameters: “Social Exchange” AND Workplace AND VTC
Link: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=18347b35-11c04b04-939a-1096156c9406%40sessionmgr14&vid=1&hid=14
Abstract: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost/detail?sid=98328471-c49a-450a-97998087fd9c0590%40sessionmgr4&vid=1&hid=14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db
=iih&AN=5608019
Reference
Warkentin, M., & Beranek, P. M. (1999). Training to improve virtual team communication. Information
Systems Journal,9(4), 271-289. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2575.1999.00065.x
Warkentin and Beranek tackle the issue of interpersonal communication through the medium of
electronic communication (ie. Video Tele-conferencing (VTC), E-mail, Web Based applications, Audio and
Video) and how such a new medium of communication can have adverse affects on team
communication due to a lack of physical interaction. They propose that VTC communication will only
continue to grow due to “increased globalization of organizations” (Beranek & Warkentin, 1999).
Beranek and Warkentin coin the term “Virtual Teams”, which they coin as being a “group of people
engaged in a common task or goal communicating through electronic means” (Beranek & Warkentin,
1999). They postulate that over time, with constant use, electronic communication can evolve and
accelerate the users in “relationship development” (Beranek & Warkentin, 1999). They ascertain the
importance of “fostering interaction, inclusion and participation” (Beranek & Warkentin, 1999)while
communicating with these multitudes of electronic communications being used today. They also
maintain that user interaction and attention can be completely lost the more impersonal such
3
communications become. They quote Mabry and Barnes as saying “Group cohesiveness has been linked
to a number of positive outcomes, such as enhanced motivation, better decisions and more open
communication” (Mabry & Barnes, 1980).
I feel that this is a very reliable source, not only from personal experience, but mostly because of
this articles background and resources. This is a well thought-out and organized journal that was
released by the College of Business Administration at Northeastern University, which is a prestigious
University. The article is well cited with documents ranging from the 1950’s all the way up until just
before the article was written. The authors support all their findings, assumptions and theories with
well documented resources and known academics. They provide samples and display tests that show
just how their theories pan out when implemented. Warkentin and Beranek even had open-ended
questioning to a control group, and stated those. Both are holders of a Ph. D. and have authored
numerous books and journals pertaining to the subject matter.
This source was extremely helpful in gaining an understanding of just how electronic
communication can be used with Social Exchange Theory to better workplace communication. By
showing that communication is improved when the user is entertained and included in the
communication method, we see that it is imperative that self-interest is very important in
communication. By simply ignoring the user, they will immediately disconnect from the communication
and will not be an active part in the productivity taking place. If everyone takes an active role in the
communication method, they are all gaining something, and therefore are likely to be more inclusive in
the conversation.
References
Mabry, E.A. & Barnes, R.E. (1980) The Dynamics of Small Group Communication. Prentice Hall,
Englewood Cliffs,NJ
4
Warkentin, M., & Beranek, P. M. (1999). Training to improve virtual team communication. Information
Systems Journal,9(4), 271-289. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2575.1999.00065.x
5
Source Two
Database: EBSCOhost
Subject Area: Computers and Applied Sciences
Search Parameters: “Social Exchange” AND Workplace AND Interaction
Link: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=159b6945-1a7a4140-bf67-7d28961f61fb%40sessionmgr12&vid=1&hid=14
Abstract: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost/detail?sid=fa7fb097-61b6-415e-b4d60a6402cfe489%40sessionmgr4&vid=1&hid=14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db
=iih&AN=34679754
Reference
Staples, D., & Webster, J. (2008). Exploring the effects of trust, task interdependence and virtualness on
knowledge sharing in teams. Information Systems Journal, 18(6), 617-640. doi:10.1111/j.13652575.2007.00244.x
Staples and Webster argue that knowledge sharing within teams is critical to team functioning
and attempt to use Social Exchange Theory to model knowledge sharing, over electronic platforms, to
increase trust (Staples & Webster, 2008). They postulate that sharing knowledge among other team
members via this electronic platform will increase the capabilities of the “virtual team” in the areas of
creating, acquiring and integrating knowledge (Staples & Webster, 2008). They state that such
interactions are commonplace and proven effective in face to face communication, so it should only
stand that it should also be the same in any kind of virtual communication. The basis for their research
model is Blau’s social exchange model, which was developed within the Social Exchange Theory (Staples
& Webster, 2008). This model has been used to study a wide sweeping array of social exchanges. These
include “relationships, work relations, friendships and love” (Staples & Webster, 2008). By utilizing this
model, with their hypothesis’ they air to prove that knowledge sharing and following the Social
Exchange Theory through virtualization is just as important as through a face to face communication.
Webster and Staples use very valid and organized reasoning in their assessments on virtualized
communication. Both authors are Ph.D. holders from prestigious universities and are Senior Editor’s for
6
MIS Quarterly, as well as board members to other journals. The research was published through
Information Systems Journal, which is an awarded and respected scientific journal. The two authors also
have written affiliation with Queen’s School of Business in Ontario Canada. They have well organized
and meticulously formulated references, which date from the 1950’s until just before the article was
written, all from respected and academic sources.
This article from Webster and Staples greatly and directly pertains to my study of Social
Exchange Theory in the workplace environment, especially when it comes to electronic communication
mediums. The article goes into vast background detail on how Social Exchange Theory is used in normal
face to face interactions in the workplace, which gives a good basis on my postulation. After giving an
extensive background, it goes on to present theories into why that same kind of interaction should be
used through electronic communication mediums. Not only that, but it proposes hypothesis with
detailed experimentation to prove/ disprove this theory. By providing a firm and secure background
and then providing an extending branch on that background, this article is invaluable to my research.
7
Reference
Staples, D., & Webster, J. (2008). Exploring the effects of trust, task interdependence and virtualness on
knowledge sharing in teams. Information Systems Journal, 18(6), 617-640. doi:10.1111/j.13652575.2007.00244.x
8
Source Three
Database: EBSCOhost
Subject Area: Computers and Applied Sciences
Search Parameters: “Social Exchange” AND Workplace AND Computer* AND “Information Technology”
OR IT
Link: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=aae5e28b-ee614a09-9eb4-e40a13313704%40sessionmgr4&vid=1&hid=14
Abstract: http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.umuc.edu/ehost/detail?sid=3c3313a6-bdfb-4544-9b4b759c4c8ca521%40sessionmgr12&vid=1&hid=14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#d
b=iih&AN=9610124511
Reference
Chidambaram, L. (1996). Relational Development in Computer-Supported Groups. MIS Quarterly, 20(2),
143-165.
Chidambaram uses a newly developing theory at the time of his article being published called
Social Information Processing (SIP) theory, which states that intimacy within a group will most likely take
longer to develop while using an electronic communication method (Chidambaram, 1996). He
postulates that if given adequate time, these intimacy gaps can become very strong relational bonds
(Chidambaram, 1996). His basic premise is that once comfortability and social interaction bonds are
solidified within an electronic interaction medium, social growth and personal bonds will be stimulated
and grow. That it is only through constant support and cohesiveness/ perception that the user will be
satisfied with the communications outcome.
Chidambaram is a Ph.D. holder with a double major in Information Systems and International
Business. He is an associate professor and faculty director at Hawaii’s College of Business
Administration. He is also a well awarded teacher with many published research publications. He is
very thorough in his methodology and research, and meticulous in his references and appendix. He
formulates a theory and well documents any assumed/ known facts with documented and respected
resources. The age of the article is a point of concern though, as it was published in 1996, 17 years prior
9
to today. Although it seems to be completely objective and still relevant, although lacking in modern
technology. The basis still seems to hold true.
As stated, the only major down fall to this article is it’s age, although I feel that it creates a very
good basic premise for my argument, and helps steer my research down a tied theoretical path with
Social Processing Theory (SIP), which I was not aware of prior to the reading of this article. By seeing
just how social exchange works and how it can directly correlate into electronic communication
methods, and seeing this additional theory on how overtime, this will naturally evolve if given some
guidance, I can certainly use this source to give valid and fresh perspective on my argument
(disregarding it’s age). It certainly has changed how I think about my topic and gives new ideas for new
approaches to just how Social Exchange Theory can affect a workplace environment, especially with the
use of electronic communication.
Reference
Chidambaram, L. (1996). Relational Development in Computer-Supported Groups. MIS Quarterly, 20(2),
143-165.
10
Rubric
For this assignment, you will select and investigate a communication theory
and create an annotated bibliography that conforms to American
Psychological Association format and style requirements.
1. Choose a communication theory from the following chapters in the course
text:
•
•
•
•
Anything in the Groups and Organizations chapters EXCEPT Groupthink
Cultural Studies, Cultivation Analysis, Spiral of Silence and Media Ecology
theories but NOT Uses and Gratifications
Any of the Culture and Diversity theories
Any of the Relationship Development theories
2. Click on Resources > Library in our classroom navigation bar or go to the
UMUC Library at http://www.umuc.edu/library/library.html.
3. Click on Resources in the toolbar to the left of the library portal screen,
then click on Subject Guides. Find the subject area that is most closely
related to your major or your planned career in the list. Click on it and
familiarize yourself with the materials available in your field of study or
planned line of work.
4. Click on the button for databases in the Subject Guide.
5. Using one or more of the databases for your field of study or planned line
of work, search for peer-reviewed journal articles about
the communication theory or by the name of the person you selected to
see if communication research on that theory has been applied to your
area. You may also want to limit the search by using other keywords for
your specific area of study or career interest.
6. Report the subject area.
7. Report the database(s) used for your search.
8. Report the key-words you used in your searches.
9. Write an introductory paragraph (~250-300 words) describing the
reasons you chose that theory or researcher in the context of the following
question:
11
How can an understanding of Communication Theory supplement
your skills and the insights you will need to succeed in your future
work?
10. Select three articles from the databases in your field of study or career
interest that support your thesis in response to the question posed in Step
9.
11. Write an annotated bibliography for the three articles that best support
your thesis. If you are unfamiliar with an annotated bibliography, click on
Resources > Effective Writing Center in the classroom navigation bar to
learn about them from our writing center, or go to the Purdue OWL. You
need to write a complete APA citation for each article. Then write a summary
of at least 150 words for each article that includes an explanation of how the
article supports your thesis. Make sure each summary or “annotation”
includes a specific quote that illuminates what you learned from the article.
12. Please be sure to write carefully and well, using good grammar and APAstyle in-text citations for quotes, summaries and paraphrases.
Your annotated bibliography is due in the assignments area of the classroom
by 11:59 p.m. Sunday in Week 3. (Worth 15% of your grade.) You
can submit it through the link below or directly to your assignment folder
through the Assignments link in the blue navbar above.
Annotated Bibliography Rubric
CATEGORY
C
Only some
Sources
Sources
sources
reflect
reflect
Quality
reflect
contempora contempora
/ Currency o
contempora
ry
ry
f Sources
ry
theoretical theoretical
theoretical
thinking.
thinking.
thinking.
Most
All sources
Only some
sources
Quality /
cited can
sources can
cited can
Relevancy of be
be
be
Sources
considered
considered
considered
relevant.
relevant.
relevant.
All sources Most
Only some
Quality /
cited can
sources
sources can
Reliability of be
cited can
be
12
A
B
D
Sources
may not
reflect
contempora
ry
theoretical
thinking.
F
No sources
reflect
contempora
ry
theoretical
thinking.
Few sources Little or no
cited can be relevant
considered sources
relevant.
cited.
Few sources Little or no
cited can be reliable
considered and/or
Sources
considered reliable
trustworthy
reliable
and/or
sources
and/or
trustworthy, cited, i.e.
trustworthy i.e.
bibliography
i.e.
bibliography does not
bibliography falls well
meet
comes close short of
minimum
to meeting minimum
requirement
minimum
requirement s for peerrequirement s for peer- reviewed
s for peer- reviewed
sources.
reviewed
sources.
sources.
Document Document
Document Document
is one
does not
Document
cites the
cites the
source
contain
cites the
Quantity of
number of number of
under the
appropriate
number of
Sources
sources
sources
number of sources to
sources
outlined in outlined in
appropriate meet the
outlined in
the
the
sources
number
the
assignment assignment
required by required by
assignment.
.
.
the
the
assignment. assignment.
Some
annotations Most
All
All
Most
are well
annotations annotations
annotations annotations written but are lacking are lacking
Writing
are
are
some are
in
in
Fluency of
thoughtful, thoughtful, lacking in
completene completene
Annotations complete, complete, completene ss, thought, ss, thought,
and well
and well
ss, thought, and/or
and/or
written.
written.
and /or
writing
writing
writing
quality.
quality.
quality.
There are
There are a
There is
Citations
There are
many
few
little or no
are
some
and/or
APA and
formatting
adherence
formatted
formatting frequent
Documentati
errors in
to APA
correctly in
errors in the formatting
on
the
format in
the
document’s errors in the
document’s
the
document.
citations.
document’s
citations.
document.
citations.
Overriding criterion: Originality and authenticity. If the essay is
13
considered
reliable
and/or
trustworthy
, i.e.
bibliograph
y exceeds
or meets
minimum
requiremen
ts for peerreviewed
sources.
be
considered
reliable
and/or
trustworthy
, i.e.
bibliograph
y meets
minimum
requiremen
ts for peerreviewed
sources.
identified as not being original, and/or not done by the student, the
instructor has the right to grade the paper as an F.
Checkpoints:
Yes / No
Report the subject area of your search (2 points)
Report the database(s) used for your search (2 points)
Report the keywords you used in your searches (2 points)
Use three scholarly, peer-reviewed journal articles that
reflect your thesis. (2 points ea. = 6 points)
Write an introduction (250-300 words) to your assignment that
articulates the research question or hypothesis about comm
theory that you developed in response to the assignment
prompt. Explain how the three articles that you chose relate to
your research question or hypothesis. (30 points)
Write three properly formatted APA-style bibliographic listings
for the articles. (6 points ea. = 18 points).
Explain how each article supports your thesis (~150-200 words
for each entry). Reference specific information in each article
through summary, paraphrase, and/or at least one direct quote
relevant to your thesis, which you support with a properly
formatted, APA-style, in-text citation and bibliographic
references. (10 points ea. = 30 points)
Use college-level grammar and mechanics. (5 points)
Edit/proofread work carefully to conform to APA manuscript
rules. (5 points)
Submit completed work by deadline. (-10% for each day or
portion of a day late, up to three days late)
Grade:
/ 100%
14
3/16/2019
Communication Theories.htm
Communication Theories
Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Cognitive Dissonance Theory argues that the experience of dissonance (or incompatible beliefs and
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