*THIS ASSIGNMENT IS FOR TWO RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT POSTS. I ONLY HAVE ONE POST SO FAR FOR YOU TO WORK ON BUT WILL SEND YOU A SECOND AS SOON AS ONE COMES IN. Discussion: Existential or Gestalt Counseling: Case Conceptualization This assignment does not need to be long, but needs to be written well written in a flowing discussional tone, using APA. Respond to at least two of your colleagues’ posts and explain whether you believe the proposed case conceptualization is the most beneficial for the case selected and why. Your responses may be more informal than your main post.
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Responses
WK3
This assignment does not need to be long, but needs to be written well written in a flowing
discussional tone, using APA.
Please see previous link if required:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1Ob5hOLTTyO_lAqvNFjItMthagE0Di-Z9
Respond to at least two of your colleagues’ posts and explain whether you believe
the proposed case conceptualization is the most beneficial for the case selected and
why.
Your responses may be more informal than your main post.
Allie Roberson
Week 03 Discussion: Jason (Person Centered Approach)
COLLAPSE
Presenting Problem
Jason is a young jewish man who is involved with another man. Jason is
having concerns about his relationship. Jason and his significant other have
been exhibiting a disconnect with their communication as Jason discovered
that his significant other was watching pornography. On top of the stress that
Jason is experiencing with his relationship, he is currently holding his
relationship a secret as his religion and culture would not be welcoming of
this union.
Goals
According to (Hazler, 2016) based on the person centered approach, people
are innately good and the counselor should place full confidence in the client
to make the right decision in his situation. Counselors working from a personcentered approach will help the client in making a decision that the client feels
is the right choice based on their own perceptions. The goal is to help
Jason understand that the decision he will make would have to be the one
that would ease his conscious and make him happy in the end. A few
questions to ask Jason is, will his decision have a positive or negative impact
on his relationship with his family? would he be happy living with a
relationship that is kept secret long term? Will he be able to find peace if he
were to move on with the relationship, etc. The idea is to have the client think
of all of the possibilities and outcomes to the decisions that he makes and
encourage him that there are no “right or wrong” answers just one he will be
able to live with in the long term.
Hazler, R. (2016). Person-centered theory. In D. Capuzzi & M. D. Stauffer
(Eds.), Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions (6th ed., pp.
169–194). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association
Dawn Riley
Case Conceputlization: Person-Centered Theory
COLLAPSE
Case of Dale: Conceptualization of Problem through Person-Centered
Theory
Presenting Problem
Dale has a phenomenological view of the world that is incongruent with his
supervisor’s employment expectations. He is employed as a prison guard
and had numerous negative altercations with inmates. Dale does not think
he needs to change, but is motivated for therapy so that he can keep his
job. He is a 52, white male that has been terminated from prior
employment for racial profiling and inability to work with colleagues of a
different race. In his currently perceived world, the United States should
only consist of English speaking white citizens. The fact that Dale’s
phenomenological world is not congruent to his employers work
expectations, it has caused him extreme anger towards prison inmates that
are Black or Hispanic Americans (Rogers, 1951).
Dale divorced his first wife due to accusations of affairs. He is estranged
from his only child, a son because he is dating a non-white. Describes his
son as being raised by his ex-wife whom is a “lying whore” and she created
a “big baby”. Dale views his current wife as ignorant, a minority, and
chattel.
His phenomenological perspective is that women cannot be trusted, Blacks
and Mexicans are lazy, and he was denied services while suffering in
poverty. Even though Dale has an incongruent phenomenological view of
the world, Rogers believed that all humans continue at attempts to
actualize our most productive selves (Hazler, 2016). In addition, Roger’s
theory would say Dales thoughts and actions were mainly reflections of his
distorted view of self and the world (Rogers, 1951).
Goals
According to Rogers, the primary goal of a person-centered approach is to
help Dale get a sense of the positive elements inside himself that are
unseen or hidden. Once these distorted views are more congruent it
should help him react better towards people and situations. When this goal
is accomplished, it will reduce feelings of helplessness and
powerlessness. It appears that Dale is attracted to jobs that associate
themselves with power and authority over others. In addition, by reaching
this goal Dales aggressive anger and behavior driven by stereotypes should
lesson. He should become more productive and make better flexible
decisions both personally and in the work place (Hazler, 2016).
One clinical goal the counselor will work on with Dale is his
trustworthiness. He has natural human characteristics such as being
trustworthy, constructive, and is overall good. All of his inappropriate
behavior is based on his ideal view of self and does not match his real
self. Dale is using defensive thoughts and anger to protect himself from
having to see that he is not living the life he should be. Usually these
actions and thoughts are not deceitful, but are based on conflicting
perceptions of his world. The ultimate goal being that the counselor will be
used as an empathic tool to help Dale reach self-actualization, which is
already innately inside him (Hazler, 2016). Thus, reducing his overall
frequency, intensity, and duration of his anger episodes inside the work
place. These will be accomplished with the use of the therapeutic
relationship and person-centered approach interventions.
Interventions
During the counseling sessions, the therapist will not have any set agenda
except those set by the client. There will be a strong therapeutic alliance
built in the efforts to guide clients to a more congruent way of
thinking. Also, no judgments made, this will allow Dale to express any
emotions he needs relevant to his circumstances. The counselor will not
lead him towards any specific topics, point out his problems, reward,
punish, or direct him. However, the counselor will present with active
listening, genuine empathic understanding without
judgments. Throughout the sessions, the therapist will often convey back
to Dale what they are seeing, hearing, and understanding, so that there is
correct communication and correct misinterpretations. This movement
through each session serves a strategic intervention allowing Dale to
learn. The therapist and client are continually negotiating trying to reach a
mutual understanding. This produces the goal of reaching empathic
understanding (Hazler, 2016).
The Person-Centered approach uses the process of change as its key
intervention. Rogers believed that his theory was more related to the
therapists and not what techniques they use. He has been quoted as saying,
“If a therapist has the attitudes we have come to request as essential,
probably he or she can use a variety of techniques” (Wilkins, 2003, p. 92).
Changes are achieved by three basic conditions: genuineness, acceptance,
and empathic understanding (Joseph & Murphy, 2012; Kirschenbaum,
2009). According to Rogers (1961), the counselor uses their genuineness
to show client how true honest relationships can be. Dale can experience
this instead of facades and roles that have caused him to doubt information
his received from others. The counselor will show Dale acceptance and
caring by way of giving him unconditional positive regard. This will reduce
his stress caused by fears in the relationship. Dales counselor will use
active and interactive listening skills such as: making good eye contact,
body posturing, and acquiring information. This will allow Dales’
counselor to accurately reflect on the content and his feelings, so that they
can be mirrored back to him. The change process begins as he revises and
expands his prior perceptions. This here-and-now technique allows for
immediacy and can be used throughout sessions. Empathic understanding
will be effectively explored by the counselors attempt to understand Dales
perceptions and his world (Hazler, 2016). If the counselor can achieve
these conditions for Dale, then he will be able to drop his “masks” and
recognize aspects of himself. This is away for him to self-recognize and use
self-acceptance to produce growth (Hazler, 2016).
Rationale and Expected Outcomes
The goal of Person-Centered Theory is to regard the client as a whole
person, not as a diagnosis. The focus is on the person, and the counselor
being used as a tool much like a sounding board. Dales therapist will use
basic tenets of person-centered therapy that will allow him to grow,
change, and become congruent with his true self. His past will only be
explored to the extent of obtaining information about his current
perceptive views of the world. He must never feel judged by his therapist,
so that his free to gain insight into his world. Thus, developing a greater
ability to see if changes are needed. Dales counselor will provide him with
core conditions, so that he can perceive these conditions, explore, and test
new ones. He can then begin to trust in the relationship and have the
ability to think and act in a wider variety of circumstances (Hazler,
2016). The ultimate goal of this approach fits the old adage about teaching
someone to fish versus giving them the fish (Bowles, 2012).
A very positive outcome would be at the end of therapy Dale would have
journeyed through his past pains. Along side an empathic counselor who
understands that past hurts can play an important role when dealing with
present issues. His family or societal expectations could have shaped Dales
view of himself. If he were to achieve self-actualization, he needs to form
self-acceptance (Bowles, T. (2012). Dale would have been empowered to
have insight that his negative altercations are a result of his own behavioral
choices. This is not to say that he must change his thoughts. But to
understand treating inmates inappropriately by work standards is not only
incongruent with being a good employee, but the loss of his job.
References
Bowles, T. (2012). Developing Adaptive change Capabilities Through
Client-Centered Therapy. Behavior Change; Bowen Hills, 20(4),258-271.
Hazler, R. (2016). Person-centered theory. In D. Capuzzi & M. D. Stauffer
(Eds.),Counseling and psychotherapy: Theories and interventions (6th
ed., pp. 169–194). Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
Jospeh, S., & Murphy, D. (2012). Person-centered approach, positive
psychology, and relational helping building bridges. Journal of Humanistic
Psychology, 53, 26-51.
Psychotherapy.net (Producer). (2008c). Person-centered expressive arts
therapy [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Author.
Rogers, C. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Wilkins, P. (2003). Person-centered therapy in focus. Thousand Oaks, CA:
Sage.
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