PowerPoint Presentation: Role of NGO in Disaster Responses You may either provide a general overview of NGO’s or pick one agency from the NGO list and explain how it operates during a disaster or humanitarian effort. The presentation should be 5-7 minutes, and no more than 10 slides. The key for this presentation is content and delivery of the essential points.
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LIST OF RELIEF ORGANIZATIONS
Action Against Hunger (AAH)
http://www.aah-usa.org/
Develops and runs emergency programs in nutrition, health, water and food security for countries
in need. Also provides disaster preparedness programs with the goal of anticipating and
preventing humanitarian crises.
CARE
http://www.careusa.org/
CARE is one of the world’s largest private international humanitarian organizations, committed to
helping families in poor communities improve their lives and achieve lasting victories over
poverty. Founded in 1945 to provide relief to survivors of World War II, CARE quickly became a
trusted vehicle for the compassion and generosity of millions.
Caritas Internationalis
Caritas Internationalis is a confederation of 162 Catholic relief, development and social service
organisations working to build a better world, especially for the poor and oppressed, in over 200
countries and territories.
Catholic Relief Services (CRS – USCC)
http://www.crs.org/
Catholic Relief Services was founded in 1943 by the Catholic Bishops of the United States to
assist the poor and disadvantaged outside the country. Working through local offices and an
extensive network of partners, CRS operates on 5 continents and in over 90 countries. They aid
the poor by first providing direct assistance where needed, then encouraging these people to help
with their own development. Together, this fosters secure, productive, just communities that
enable people to realize their potential.
Doctors Without Borders
http://www.dwb.org/
Doctors Without Borders delivers medical help to populations endangered by war, civil strife,
epidemics or natural disasters. Each year over 2,000 volunteer doctors representing 45
nationalities work worldwide in front-line hospitals, refugee camps, disaster sites, towns and
villages providing primary health care, performing surgery, vaccinating children, operating
emergency nutrition and sanitation programs and training local medical staff.
Emergency Nutrition Network (ENN)
http://www.ennonline.net/
Independently funded organization based in Dublin, Ireland UK. Works to improve the
effectiveness of emergency food and nutrition interventions by providing a means of information
exchange between field staff, humanitarian institutions, academics and researchers.
Food For The Hungry International (FHI)
Food For The Hungry is an international relief and development organization of Christian
motivation, committed to working with poor people to overcome hunger and poverty through
integrated self-development and relief programs.
Hunger Plus, Inc.
http://www.hungerplus.org/
Not-for-profit relief agency that provides food and related supplies for emergency use. Partners
with individuals, NGOs, government agencies, church and civic groups. Projects in self
sufficiency focus on food preservation, agriculture, water, health, education, housing and
technology.
Interaction
InterAction is a coalition of over 150 US-based non-profit organizations which are usually the
first to respond to a crisis. InterAction coordinates and promotes relief aid programs. With more
than 160 members operating in every developing country, they work to overcome poverty,
exclusion and suffering by advancing social justice and basic dignity for all.
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
http://www.icrc.org/eng
The ICRC, independent of all governments and international organizations, endeavors to promote
international humanitarian law and the fundamental human values underlying that law. The ICRC
was founded by Geneva citizens in 1863 and has its headquarters in Geneva.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
http://www.ifrc.org/
The IFRC is one part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, which
comprises National Red Cross or Red Crescent Societies, the International Federation of Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies (the Federation), and the ICRC. The IFRC is the permanent
liaison body of the National Societies and acts as their representative internationally. It organizes
and coordinates international disaster response in support of the actions of the affected National
Societies, encourages the creation of new National Societies and assists them in developing their
structures and programs. The IFRC Secretariat in Geneva is staffed by more than 245 people of
some 30 different nationalities.
International Organization for Migration (IOM)
http://www.iom.int/
The IOM is committed to the principle that humane and orderly migration benefits migrants and
society. As an intergovernmental body, IOM acts with its partners in the international community
to: Assist in meeting the operational challenges of migration; Advance understanding of
migration issues; Encourage social and economic development through migration; Uphold the
human dignity and well-being of migrants.
International Rescue Committee (IRC)
http://www.theirc.org/
Founded in 1933, the International Rescue Committee is the voluntary organization involved in
resettlement assistance, global emergency relief, rehabilitation, and advocacy for refugees. The
IRC delivers lifesaving aid in emergencies, rebuilds shattered communities, cares for wartraumatized children, rehabilitates health care, water and sanitation systems, reunites separated
families, restores lost livelihoods, establishes schools, trains teachers, strengthens the capacity of
local organizations and supports civil society and good-governance initiatives. For refugees
afforded sanctuary in the United States, IRC offices across the country provide a range of
assistance aimed at helping new arrivals get settled, adjust and acquire the skills to become selfsufficient. Committed to restoring dignity and self-reliance, the IRC is a global symbol of hope
and renewal for those who have taken flight in search of freedom.
Lutheran World Federation
http://www.lutheranworld.org/
Specializing in emergency relief linked to disaster preparedness (risk management) and
sustainable development.
Mennonite Central Committee (MCC)
http://www.mennonitecc.ca/
Relief and development arm of the North American Mennonite and Brethren in Christ churches.
MCC sends people, food and material goods to communities recovering from war and natural
disasters.
Mercy Corps (MC)
http://www.mercycorps.org/
Nonprofit organization providing emergency relief and supporting development programs in
agriculture, economic development, health, housing and infrastructure, and strengthening local
organizations.
Overseas Development Institute (ODI)
http://www.odi.org.uk/
Independent think-tank on international development and humanitarian issues.
Oxfam
http://www.oxfam.org/
Oxfam is a development and relief agency working to end poverty. Oxfam International is a
confederation of 12 organizations working together with over 3,000 partners in more than 100
countries to find lasting solutions to poverty, suffering and injustice.
Refugees International
http://www.refintl.org/
Refugees International generates lifesaving humanitarian assistance and protection for displaced
people around the world and works to end the conditions that create displacement. Refugees
International advocates for refugees through diplomacy and the press.
Relief International
http://www.ri.org/
Founded in 1990, Relief International provides emergency, rehabilitation and development
services that empower beneficiaries in the process. RI’s programs include health, shelter
construction, education, community development, agriculture, food, income-generation, and
conflict resolution.
Save the Children
http://www.savethechildren.org/
Save the Children is the leading independent organization creating real and lasting change for
children in need in the United States and around the world. It is a member of the International
Save the Children Alliance, comprising 27 national Save the Children organizations working in
more than 100 countries to ensure the well-being of children. Save the Children responds to any
emergency that puts at great risk the survival, protection, and well-being of significant numbers
of children, where addressing the needs and well-being of those children is beyond the indigenous
coping capacity, and where Save the Children is able to mobilize the financial and human
resources to take urgent action on their behalf.
The Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)
http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/humanitarian_assistance/disaster_assistance/
OFDA is the office within USAID responsible for providing non-food humanitarian assistance in
response to international crises and disasters. Responsible for facilitating and coordinating U.S.
Government emergency assistance overseas and to provide humanitarian assistance to save lives,
alleviate human suffering, and reduce the social and economic impact of natural and man-made
disasters worldwide.
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)
http://www.unicef.org/
While working to ensure the survival, protection and development of children and advocating a
high priority for them in the allocation of resources at all times, UNICEF continues to give relief
and rehabilitation assistance in emergencies. The agency was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in
1965.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home
The UNHCR provides protection and assistance to the world’s refugees. Today, the UNHCR is
one of the world’s principal humanitarian agencies, with headquarters in Geneva, and offices in
some 115 countries. More than 80 percent of UNHCR’s 5,000-member staff work in the field,
often in isolated, dangerous and difficult conditions. The UNHCR has twice been awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize for its work.
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA)
http://ochaonline.un.org/
OCHA is mandated to mobilize and coordinate the collective efforts of the international
community, in particular those of the UN system, to meet in a coherent and timely manner the
needs of those exposed to human suffering and material destruction in disasters and emergencies.
US Committee for Refugees (USCR)
Provides aid and resources for refugees worldwide..
World Vision International
World Vision is a Christian relief and development organization dedicated to helping children
and their communities worldwide reach their full potential by tackling the causes of poverty.
In addition to these resources, ReliefWeb (http://www.reliefweb.int/) provides a comprehensive
Directory of Humanitarian Organisations.
Department of Homeland Security
Office of Inspector General
FEMA’s Logistics Management Process
for Responding to Catastrophic Disasters
OIG-10-101
July 2010
Office of Inspector General
U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Washington, DC 20528
July 7, 2010
Preface
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Office of Inspector General (OIG) was
established by the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (Public Law 107-296) by amendment
to the Inspector General Act of 1978. This is one of a series of audit, inspection, and
special reports prepared as part of our oversight responsibilities to promote economy,
efficiency, and effectiveness within the department.
This report addresses the strengths and weaknesses of the Federal Emergency
Management Agency’s Logistics Management Directorate’s process for responding to
catastrophic disasters. It is based on interviews with employees and officials of relevant
agencies and institutions, direct observations, and a review of applicable documents.
The recommendations herein have been developed to the best knowledge available to our
office, and have been discussed in draft with those responsible for implementation. We
trust this report will result in more effective, efficient, and economical operations. We
express our appreciation to all of those who contributed to the preparation of this report.
Richard L. Skinner
Inspector General
Inspector General
Table of Contents/Abbreviations
Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………….1
Background …………………………………………………………………………………………………………..2
Results of Review …………………………………………………………………………………………………4
LMD Initiatives………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13
Recommendations………………………………………………………………………………………………..14
Management Comments and OIG Analysis …………………………………………………………….14
Appendixes
Appendix A:
Appendix B:
Appendix C:
Appendix D:
Appendix E:
Purpose, Scope, and Methodology……………………………………………….15
Management Comments to the Draft Report …………………………………16
FEMA Logistics Organizational Components……………………………….19
Major Contributors to this Report………………………………………………..20
Report Distribution ……………………………………………………………………21
Abbreviations
CORE
DHS
FEMA
FY
GSA
LMD
OIG
Cadre of On-call Response Employees
Department of Homeland Security
Federal Emergency Management Agency
Fiscal Year
General Services Administration
Logistics Management Directorate
Office of Inspector General
OIG
Department of Homeland Security
Office of Inspector General
Executive Summary
The Federal Emergency Management Agency has made significant
progress in enhancing its logistics capability and, based on recent
initiatives, is better prepared now than at any previous time for
dealing with a catastrophic disaster. Notwithstanding dramatic
changes following a congressionally mandated reorganization in
2007, which resulted in the creation of the Logistics Management
Directorate, a number of persistent issues inhibit further
improvement.
The agency has made great strides to improve its logistics
capability by: (1) increasing staff levels; (2) training and
developing personnel; (3) enhancing coordination among federal,
state, and local governments, nongovernmental organizations, and
the private sector; (4) developing plans and exercises to improve
readiness; (5) utilizing interagency agreements and contracts for
needed commodities; (6) conducting meetings and teleconferences
with logistics partners; and (7) reviewing and evaluating
performance. The logistics transformation that began in 2007 is
expected to be completed by 2014.
Despite progress at the federal level, corresponding improvements
in many of the state and local governments have lagged behind due
to staffing and budget restrictions. Another difficulty is the
inability of the agency’s information systems to communicate
directly with the systems of their federal partners.
We are making two recommendations to assist FEMA in its
management and oversight function. We will follow up on
progress made in this area during our scheduled Federal
Emergency Management Agency Disaster Preparedness
Inspection.
FEMA’s Logistics Management Process for Responding to Catastrophic Disasters
Page 1
Background
In 2007, the House Committee on Oversight and Government
Reform requested that the Office of Inspector General assess the
Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Federal Emergency
Management Agency’s preparedness for the next catastrophic
disaster. In March 2008, we issued the report FEMA’s
Preparedness for the Next Catastrophic Disaster (OIG-08-34) in
response to that request. This follow-up report focuses on
FEMA’s initiatives to increase its logistics preparedness for
catastrophic incidents.
Logistics deals with the procurement, supply, and maintenance of
equipment and the provision of facilities; with the movement,
evacuation, and supply/support of personnel and services; and with
related matters. As defined by legislation, 1 a catastrophic incident
is “any natural disaster, act of terrorism, or other manmade disaster
that results in extraordinary levels of casualties or damage or
disruption severely affecting the population (including mass
evacuations), infrastructure, environment, economy, national
morale, or government functions in an area.” By these criteria,
Hurricane Katrina qualified as a catastrophic incident.
The hurricane’s devastation overwhelmed the capacity of federal,
state, and local governments to respond and recover. FEMA
experienced significant challenges, some of which garnered media
attention and invoked public criticism. Logistical shortcomings
involved misplaced shipments, spoiled food that had to be
discarded, and wasted truckloads of ice left to melt. The difficulty
of responding to such a catastrophic event was a catalyst for
changes in federal policy and reorganization within FEMA.
A major change was the Post-Katrina Emergency Management
Reform Act (see note 1), which required FEMA to lead and support
the Nation in a comprehensive emergency management system of
preparedness, protection, response, recovery, and mitigation. The
act further required FEMA to develop an efficient, transparent, and
flexible logistics system for procurement and delivery of goods
and services necessary to respond to natural disasters, acts of
terrorism, other manmade disasters, and for real-time visibility of
items throughout the logistics system.
1
The Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act of 2006 (P.L. 109-295), Title VI – National
Emergency Management, Department of Homeland Security Appropriations Act of 2007.
FEMA’s Logistics Management Process for Responding to Catastrophic Disasters
Page 2
In April 2007, as part of FEMA’s reorganization, the logistics
function, which had been a small branch within the former
Response Division, was elevated to a directorate. The Logistics
Management Directorate (LMD) is FEMA’s major program office
responsible for all aspects of logistics policy, guidance, standards,
execution, and governance of logistics activities.
Originally tasked with providing recovery assistance following
major disasters, LMD’s new mission is to plan, manage, and
sustain the national logistics response and recovery operations
response to domestic emergencies and special events. In carrying
out that mission, LMD serves as the National Logistics
Coordinator and is responsible for coordinating with partners in the
public and private sectors in order to strategically position initial
and follow-on response resources based on anticipated need, and to
distribute the assets to the states in a timely manner. The concept
recognizes that LMD must collaborate with its national partners to
promote a truly integrated disaster logistics approach.
Figure 1 shows an organization chart of the new LMD.
Figure 1: Logistics Management Directorate Organization Chart
Source: OIG, prepared using FEMA data. A description of LMD’s major component
units is contained in Appendix C.
FEMA’s Logistics Management Process for Responding to Catastrophic Disasters
Page 3
Results of Review
FEMA has made great strides to improve its logistics capability by:
(1) increasing staff levels; (2) training and developing personnel;
(3) enhancing coordination among federal, state, and local
governments, nongovernmental organizations, and the private
sector; (4) developing plans and exercises to improve readiness;
(5) utilizing interagency agreements and contracts for needed
commodities; (6) conducting meetings and teleconferences with
logistics partners; and (7) reviewing and evaluating performance.
Given the recent initiati …
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