Many people in the US, particularly the elderly, take more than one
prescribed medication. CDC (2014) reported that between 2009 and 2012
nearly 48% of persons asked used at least one prescription drug, 22%
used three or more prescription drugs, and nearly 11% used five or more.In a recent study published by the Mayo Clinic, seven out of 10
Americans take at least one prescription drug. The most commonly
prescribed drug is antibiotics — taken by 17 percent of Americans —
followed by antidepressants and opioids — each taken by 13 percent of
Americans. In addition, findings showed that:Even more staggering than the CDC findings, currently more than half
of Americans take two prescription medications, and 20 percent of
Americans are on at least five prescription medications. More women than men receive prescription medications. Antidepressant prescriptions are more common among women than men, and are most common among women ages 50 to 64. When people take multiple medications, there is a greater risk for
confusion about which medications are taken, when they are taken, and
what they are being taken for. There is also a higher risk for drug
interactions and increased side effects and adverse reactions.Sometimes because of the sheer number of medications being
prescribed, they may be forgotten, become too much of a bother, or a
financial burden which can significantly impact client compliance and
lead to poor health outcomes.In this written assignment, you will be conducting an interview of a
client who is taking multiple prescribed medications (three or more) and
submitting a written paper describing the findings from the interview.
You will then develop a Client Teaching Plan. Your instructor will
assist you in the selection of the client. You must achieve a “pass” in this assignment to satisfactorily fulfill the requirements for the Pharmacology course. The three parts of this assignment are:Conduct an interview of a client who is taking multiple medications (polypharmacy).
You must prepare the client before the interview by explaining why you
are conducting the interview. You can say “my assignment is to find out
about the medications you are taking so I can determine if you need more
information about what you are taking”. You must always get permission
from the client to conduct the interview and you must tell the client
how the information will be used. You can say, “I will not be using your
name in the information I share and I will be submitting it to my
instructor only for this student assignment”. If there is important
information that needs to be communicated to you, your doctor, family,
or nurse, my instructor will assist me in following up on this”. Tell
the client you will take no more than 30-45 minutes for the interview.There may be a family member or significant other present during the
interview. That is fine. Be sure to identify who answered a question and
if possible always have the client answer first. Always thank the
client (and others) when you complete the interview.Do not use recording equipment for this interview. Have a notepad and
pencil or pen and explain that you will be taking notes. When the
interview is over, go to a quiet place and take some time to fill in any
information you did not jot down. If you wait, you will not remember.When setting the environment for the interview, make sure the client
(and others) is comfortable and you are comfortably seated facing the
client. If possible, do the interview in a quiet place.Ask questions slowly giving the client time to answer. Pay attention
to the client’s hearing and ability to respond to the questions. Be sure
your non-verbal communication demonstrates you are calm and relaxed.Use the following interview question guidelines when conducting the
interview. Be aware that the client may not be able to answer each of
the questions with detailed information. Collect as much information as
the client is able and willing to give you. Remember you are the
interviewer so you will be collecting information and not making any
comments about the information shared by the client except to ask for
further clarification if you are not sure what was said or need more
detail if it is available.What medications are you taking?
(Before the interview research each of the medications. In your
paper include the reason for each medication, the drug classification,
the route of administration, the dose, and possible side effects/adverse
reactions).
For the following questions, paraphrase the client’s answers for your written paper.
How long have you taken each these medications?Do you know why you are taking these medications?Who told you about the medications and why you need to take them?
Were you able to ask any questions about the medications and if so were
they answered so you understood what was said?How do you feel about taking these medications?Are you taking other medication purchased “over the counter” such
as in a drug store? If so, what is it and why are you taking it.How and when do you take your medications?Do you have any difficulty taking the medications? If so, what happens and how do you deal with any difficulties.Have you ever felt any uncomfortable feelings and/or body
reactions to taking these medications? If so, what were they and how
were they handled?If you had the above reaction, did they take you off the
medication and/or replace it with another medication? Were you told why
this happened?Do you have any reason not to take the medications?Have you ever not taken the medication? If so, what was the reason?Ask a final question about whether the client would like to tell you anything further about their medications.Write a paper describing your research and findings about the medications being taken and the results of the interview. Report
your findings in a 3-5 page written paper. In your paper include the
reason for each medication, the drug classification, the route of
administration, the dose, and possible side effects/adverse reactions.Use accurate and appropriate spelling and grammar and APA Editorial Format for sources used in your written paper. Develop a teaching plan for this client based on your findings. Based on the findings from the interview, develop a 2-3 page teaching plan to include the following: List one goal for this teaching planDescribe two to three teaching resources that might be usedIdentify two teaching strategies that can be used based on the client interviewedList specific client instructions regarding the medications and what adverse reactions they should be aware of/and what to doIdentify at least one factor that may negatively influence adherence to the medications and how it can be overcomeIf, appropriate, describe how the family might be involved in ensuring the client is on a proper and safe medication regime
asambolah_medicationeducationprojectday01_030119.docx
Unformatted Attachment Preview
Running head: MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
Medication Education Project
Alfreda T. Sambolah
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This paper is being submitted on March 01, 2019, for Cathy Meadows’ NUR2407 Section P1
Pharmacology 2019 Winter Quarter.
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MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
Subjective data
Patient say he did not know the kind of medications he was taking, and how long he been taking
the medications, he just go along with his doctor.
Patient say he his doctor told him about the medications and he agrees with what his doctor tells
him.
Patient say most of the time he don’t want to take his medication but he do try to take it and that
he’s taking Aspirin once daily (OTC).
Patient say he takes his medication in the morning (orally) and 1 tablet at bedtime, that he has no
difficulties taking his medications, no bodily reaction, no reasons why he won’t take his
medications and that he always take is medications.
Medications
Classification
Reason(s) for
taking the
medications
Generic name:
Acetaminophen
Brand name:
Tylenol
Route: PO
Therapeutic:
antipyretic, nonopioid
analgesic
Pain
Side effects: skin swelling, dizziness,
rash, hives, shortness of breath/cough,
Toxic epidermal necrolysis, severe
allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), liver
failure, Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
gastrointestinal hemorrhage, laryngeal
edema,
kidney toxicity
Adverse reactions: hypersensitivity
reaction, anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid
reaction, skin reaction (severe),
hepatotoxicity, renal tubular necrosis
(acute), analgesic-assoc. nephropathy
(chronic use), anemia,
thrombocytopenia
Dose: 325 mg tab
(3 tablets) orally
TID
Generic name:
Albuterol Sulfate
Therapeutic:
HFA 108 (90
Base) MCG/ACT bronchodilator
Aerosol Solution
Possible side effects/adverse
reactions
To control and
prevent reversible
airway obstruction
caused by asthma
or COPD.
Side effects: headache, dizziness,
sleep problems (insomnia), cough,
hoarseness, sore throat, runny or
stuffy nose, nausea
MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
Brand name:
Route: PO
(inhalation)
Pharmacologic:
adrenergic
3
Adverse reactions: Throat
irritation, Upper respiratory
inflammation, Viral respiratory
infections, cough, Musculoskeletal
pain
Dose: 2 puffs
QID
Generic name:
Atorvastatin
Calcium
Brand name:
Lipitor
Route: PO
Therapeutic: lipidlowering agents
Pharmacologic:
HMG CoA reductase
inhibitors
cholesterol absorption
inhibitors
Intended to treat
and lower high
cholesterol levels.
By doing so, it can
reduce a person’s
risk of heart attack
and stroke.
Side effects: joint pain, stuffy nose,
sore throat, diarrhea, or pain in your
arms or legs, painful urination, fatigue
Diuresis and
subsequent
mobilization of
excess fluid
(edema, pleural
effusions),
decreased blood
pressure.
Side effects: hearing loss, tinnitus,
anorexia, constipation, diarrhea, dry
mouth, dyspepsia, ↑ liver enzymes,
nausea, pancreatitis, vomiting
It an
antidepressant
action, which may
Side effects: headache, muscle ache,
nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, or
stomachache, constipation or diarrhea,
Adverse reactions:
MYOPATHY/RHABDOMYOLYSIS,
arthralgia, musculoskeletal pain,
muscle weakness
Dose: 80 mg (1
tablet orally once
a day)
Generic name:
Furosemide
Therapeutic:
diuretics
Brand name:
Lasix
Pharmacologic: loop
diuretics
Route: PO
Dose: 40 mg (1.5
tablet orally once
a day)
Generic name:
Trazodone HCL
Adverse reaction: ERYTHEMA
MULTIFORME, STEVENSJOHNSON SYNDROME, TOXIC
EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS,
photosensitivity, pruritus, rash,
urticarial, APLASTIC ANEMIA,
AGRANULOCYTOSIS, hemolytic
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, dehydration,
hypocalcemia, hypochloremia,
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia, hypovolemia,
metabolic alkalosis
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MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
Brand name:
Oleptro,
Trazorel
develop only over
several weeks.
Route: PO
Dose: 100 mg (2
tablets at bedtime
orally once a day)
Therapeutic:
antidepressants
Generic name:
Prednisone
Therapeutic:
antiasthmatics,
corticosteroids
Brand name:
Deltasone,
Rayos,
Prednisone
Intensol
Pharmacologic:
corticosteroids
(systemic)
Route: PO
Dose:20 mg (3
tabs x 1 week,
then2 tabs orally
once a day
Generic name:
Insulin Glargine
Brand name:
Lantus
Therapeutic:
antidiabetics,
hormones
Pharmacologic:
pancreatics
loss of interest in sex (erectile
dysfunction in men), dizziness or loss
of balance, dry mouth or dry eyes.
numbness, burning, or tingling
sensations
Adverse reactions: suicidality,
depression exacerbation, serotonin
syndrome, hypotension, orthostatic
syncope, HTN, MI, arrhythmias, QT
prolongation, glaucoma, angleclosure, abnormal bleeding/altered
platelet fxn, priapism, hyponatremia,
SIADH, hepatotoxicity,
hypersensitivity rxn, seizures,
withdrawal sx if abrupt D/C
Is used to treat
conditions such as
arthritis, blood
disorders,
breathing
problems, severe
allergies, skin
diseases, cancer,
eye problems, and
immune system
disorders.
Prednisone
belongs to a class
of drugs known as
corticosteroids.
Side effects: confusion, excitement,
restlessness, headache, nausea,
vomiting, thinning skin, acne.
Control of
hyperglycemia in
patients with DM1
and DM2.
Side effects: chills, cold sweats,
blurred vision, dizziness or
drowsiness, shaking, fast heartbeat,
weakness, tingling of the hands/feet.
Adverse reactions: unusual tiredness,
swelling ankles/feet, unusual weight
gain, vision problems, easy
bruising/bleeding, puffy face, unusual
hair growth, mental/mood changes
(such as depression, mood swings,
agitation), muscle weakness/pain,
thinning skin, slow wound healing,
bone pain.
Adverse reactions:
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MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
Route:
Subcutaneous
Dose: 100
units/mL solution
pen-injector (7
units)
Generic name:
Lisinopril
Therapeutic:
antihypertensives
Brand name:
Zestril
Pharmacologic: ACE
inhibitor
Route:
Dose: 5 mg (1 tab
orally once a day)
By lowering blood
pressure,
Lisinopril also
helps reduce the
risk for stroke and
heart attack.
Generic name:
Carvedilol
Therapeutic:
Antihypertensives
Brand name:
Coreg
Pharmacologic: beta
blockers
Route:
Dose: 6.25 mg tab
(1 tab with meal
Generic name:
Clopidogrel
Bisulfate
Brand name:
Plavix
Route: PO
It works by
widening blood
vessels, which
allows blood to
flow more
smoothly and lets
the heart function
more efficiently.
Therapeutic:
antiplatelet agents
Pharmacologic:
platelet aggregation
inhibitors
Side effects: cough, dizziness,
headache, extreme tiredness, nausea,
diarrhea, weakness, sneezing, runny
nose, low sex drive, rash
Adverse reactions: Swelling of the
face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands,
feet, ankles, or lower legs; hoarseness,
trouble breathing or swallowing, signs
of infection, such as fever, sore throat,
and chills, yellowing of the skin or
eyes, lightheadedness or fainting,
chest pain
Decreased heart
rate and blood
pressure.
Improved cardiac
output, slowing of
the progression of
heart failure and
decreased risk of
death.
Side effects: allergy, chest pain,
discomfort, tightness, or heaviness,
dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting,
generalized swelling or swelling of the
feet, ankles, or lower legs, pain,
shortness of breath, slow heartbeat,
weight gain.
Decreased
occurrence of
atherosclerotic
events in patients
at risk.
Side effects:
Adverse reactions:
Adverse reactions:
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MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
Dose: 75 mg (1
tab orally once a
day)
Generic name:
Therapeutic:
Sennosideslaxatives
Docusate Sodium
Pharmacologic:
Brand name:
stimulant laxatives
Senokot
Laxative action.
Side effects:
Adverse reactions:
Route: PO
Dose: 8.6-50 mg
tab (2 tabs orally
twice a day
Past Medical
–
–
–
Pulmonary fibrosis – s a chronic and progressive lung disease where the air sac in the
lungs (alveoli) becomes scarred and stiff making it difficult to breathe and get enough
oxygen into the bloodstream. Example: shortness of breath.
CAD
Chronic back pain since an ATV accident in 2002
COPD, long time smoker
HTN
Hyperlipidemia – A condition in which there are high levels of fat particles (lipids) in the
blood. Means your blood has too many lipids (or fats), such as cholesterol and
triglycerides.
Type 2 Diabetes mellitus with complications
Smoker
Mitral Stenosis – is a narrowing of the mitral valve opening that blocks (obstructs) blood
flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle.
Microalbuminuria – indicates a high probability of damage to the glomerular filtration
capacity of the kidney and is of great diagnostic relevance: (a) in diabetes, for early
diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy; (b) in patients with hypertension, as an indicator of
end-organ damage associated with a lowered life.
Surgical History
Low back surgery, fusion tonsillectomy
Allergies: NKDA
MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
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History of Present Illness
My patient is a 77 year old male immigrant from Holland with a primary history of
COPD, CAD, DM2, pulmonary fibrosis who was undergoing rehab at Twin Rivers after a COPD
exacerbation/acute on chronic weakness/dehydration when he developed increased congestion,
shortness of breath and hypoxia. He was transferred to the ED with diagnosis of NSTEMI,
ischemic cardiomyopathy, acute systolic heart failure, PAF-identified preop-, had BNP 2914. He
has a pacer replaced.
1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Unspecified
Note: continues with inhalers and weaned off oxygen.
2. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Unspecified complications
–
Increase insulin Glargine Solution Pen-injector, 100 unit/Ml, 12 units, Subcutaneous,
daily at bedtime.
–
Blood sugar noted to be elevated at bedtime, values ranging from 122-322 mg/mL.
Patient currently on Prednisone which could have caused increased appetite/elevated
sugars.
3. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – can range from no symptoms, to chest pain, to a heart
attack.
4. PAF (Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation) – occurs when there are abnormal electric pathways
in the heart and the heart is not beating regularly or pumping enough oxygen-rich blood
around the body. Also caused by lifestyle choices such as illegal drugs, smoking, alcohol,
MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
obesity, and excessive exercise. Patient and family declined cardiology follow-up per
staff report.
5. Insomnia, unspecified – continues on present medication.
6. Essential (primary) hypertension – is high blood pressure that doesn’t have a known
secondary cause.
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MEDICATION EDUCATION PROJECT
Reference
Vallerand, A. H., Sanoski, C. A., Deglin, J. H., (2017). Davis’s Drug Guide for Nurses 15th
edition. https://www.drugguide.com/ddo/view/Davis-Drug-Guide
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